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<p>Malaria remains a pressing health challenge in Brazil, primarily due to <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>. Most cases occur in the Amazon; however, outbreaks in the Atlantic Forest involving <i>P. simium</i>, a non-human primate parasite closely related to <i>P. vivax</i>, have posed challenges for control efforts. This study aimed to differentiate <i>P. vivax</i> infections from those of <i>P. simium</i> acquired within the Atlantic Forest. Ninety-nine samples initially identified as <i>P. vivax</i>-positive, comprising 95 from humans and four from non-human primates, were analyzed. The results using a refined molecular tool revealed that 93% of human samples from the Atlantic Forest were <i>P. simium</i>, corroborating the substantial rate of zoonotic transmission in this region. The remaining samples from the Amazon and nearby countries were confirmed as <i>P. vivax</i>, including five Atlantic Forest cases linked to travel to endemic areas, suggesting imported or relapsed cases. The study emphasizes the importance of molecular tools in accurately distinguishing malaria parasite species, especially in identifying the origins of the parasites infecting humans. This understanding is crucial for grasping malaria transmission dynamics, ensuring accurate epidemiological surveillance, and preventing zoonotic transmission. It also supports targeted control strategies and effective public health interventions.</p>

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Diagnosing P. simium zoonotic malaria infection in the Rio de Janeiro Atlantic forest, Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月3日

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  • Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz,
  • Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira,
  • Rebecca de Abreu-Fernandes,
  • Aline Rosa de Lavigne Mello,
  • Graziela Zanini,
  • Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu,
  • Anielle de Pina-Costa,
  • Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira,
  • Patrícia Brasil,
  • Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro

摘要

Malaria remains a pressing health challenge in Brazil, primarily due to Plasmodium vivax. Most cases occur in the Amazon; however, outbreaks in the Atlantic Forest involving P. simium, a non-human primate parasite closely related to P. vivax, have posed challenges for control efforts. This study aimed to differentiate P. vivax infections from those of P. simium acquired within the Atlantic Forest. Ninety-nine samples initially identified as P. vivax-positive, comprising 95 from humans and four from non-human primates, were analyzed. The results using a refined molecular tool revealed that 93% of human samples from the Atlantic Forest were P. simium, corroborating the substantial rate of zoonotic transmission in this region. The remaining samples from the Amazon and nearby countries were confirmed as P. vivax, including five Atlantic Forest cases linked to travel to endemic areas, suggesting imported or relapsed cases. The study emphasizes the importance of molecular tools in accurately distinguishing malaria parasite species, especially in identifying the origins of the parasites infecting humans. This understanding is crucial for grasping malaria transmission dynamics, ensuring accurate epidemiological surveillance, and preventing zoonotic transmission. It also supports targeted control strategies and effective public health interventions.