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<p>Smoking and opium use are risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, yet the extent to which cessation reduces cancer risk remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. This study analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran, comprising 50,045 adults aged 40–75&#xa0;years followed for a median of 15&#xa0;years. Participants were classified into never-users, current smokers or recent quitters (less than 5&#xa0;years), and long-term quitters (more than 5&#xa0;years). For esophageal cancer, long-term quitters demonstrated substantial risk reductions (HR for smoking: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.99; HR for opium: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90), while current users and recent quitters of both smoking and opium indicated increased risks (HR for smoking: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.14–2.07; HR for opium: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.20–1.88). For stomach cancer, long-term smoking quitters showed a protective effect, with a 35% risk reduction though no significant risk reduction was observed for long-term opium cessation. For pancreatic cancer no significant risk reduction was noted among long-term quitters. This study highlights that cessation of smoking or opium use for more than 5&#xa0;years can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, while risk reduction for other types of gastrointestinal cancers requires longer cessation duration.</p>

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Impact of smoking and opium cessation on gastrointestinal cancer risk: A 15-year longitudinal study in Golestan Cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Masoume Mansouri,
  • Ali Sheidaei,
  • Hossein Poustchi,
  • Gholamreza Roshandel,
  • Reza Malekzadeh,
  • Akram Pourshams,
  • Sadaf G. Sepanlou

摘要

Smoking and opium use are risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers, yet the extent to which cessation reduces cancer risk remains unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. This study analyzed data from the Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran, comprising 50,045 adults aged 40–75 years followed for a median of 15 years. Participants were classified into never-users, current smokers or recent quitters (less than 5 years), and long-term quitters (more than 5 years). For esophageal cancer, long-term quitters demonstrated substantial risk reductions (HR for smoking: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47–0.99; HR for opium: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90), while current users and recent quitters of both smoking and opium indicated increased risks (HR for smoking: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.14–2.07; HR for opium: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.20–1.88). For stomach cancer, long-term smoking quitters showed a protective effect, with a 35% risk reduction though no significant risk reduction was observed for long-term opium cessation. For pancreatic cancer no significant risk reduction was noted among long-term quitters. This study highlights that cessation of smoking or opium use for more than 5 years can reduce the risk of esophageal cancer, while risk reduction for other types of gastrointestinal cancers requires longer cessation duration.