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<p>Pharmacists’ counselling roles expanded significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet drug-related problems (DRPs) and challenges during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling remain underreported. The study aimed to characterise the DRPs and challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling by pharmacists in the central region of Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals and primary care clinics involving patients who received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling from July to September 2022. The DRPs were adapted from a classification system for intermediate and long-term care settings. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. The study included 3,626 patients, aged 18 to 99 years (54.56 ± 17.66). Overall, 2,371 (65.39%) patients had at least one DRP. A total of 3,687 DRPs were identified across 22 types, primarily for drug-drug interactions (<i>n</i> = 2,158, 58.53%), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) (<i>n</i> = 1,019, 27.64%). A total of 1,988 patients (54.83%) had at least one pre-existing drug interacting with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. About 6.45% (<i>n</i> = 234) of patients discontinued nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, with 2.18% due to ADR. Overall, 2,775 challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling were recorded, mainly involving communication medium barrier (<i>n</i> = 1,446, 52.11%) and inability to contact patients (<i>n</i> = 1,164, 41.95%). The study highlighted prevalent DRPs and challenges in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling, emphasising personalised management and infrastructure improvements for optimal COVID-19 treatment.</p>

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Drug-related problems and challenges encountered by pharmacists in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling during the covid-19 pandemic: a multi-center study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Shamala Balan,
  • Kavidha Mohan,
  • Vanitha Hong Wee Liang,
  • Hanis Hazwanie Ghazali,
  • Chew Li Suan,
  • Chong Chia Chee,
  • Kong Wei En,
  • Leana Fatimah Makhdzir,
  • Nurul Syafiqah Samsuri,
  • Nor Mazni Mohamad Tamyes,
  • Juliana Nazlim Lim,
  • Nur Amirah Mohd Noor Azami,
  • Suhaili Samad,
  • Kiren Kaur Chut Singh,
  • Nurfareeza Nazir Khan,
  • Siti Hajar Chamati,
  • Nurdiana Hassan,
  • Kuay Hue Ping,
  • Farraha Nordin,
  • Lau Wai Hoong,
  • Azlen Awatif Abu Bakar

摘要

Pharmacists’ counselling roles expanded significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet drug-related problems (DRPs) and challenges during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling remain underreported. The study aimed to characterise the DRPs and challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling by pharmacists in the central region of Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals and primary care clinics involving patients who received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling from July to September 2022. The DRPs were adapted from a classification system for intermediate and long-term care settings. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. The study included 3,626 patients, aged 18 to 99 years (54.56 ± 17.66). Overall, 2,371 (65.39%) patients had at least one DRP. A total of 3,687 DRPs were identified across 22 types, primarily for drug-drug interactions (n = 2,158, 58.53%), and adverse drug reactions (ADR) (n = 1,019, 27.64%). A total of 1,988 patients (54.83%) had at least one pre-existing drug interacting with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. About 6.45% (n = 234) of patients discontinued nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, with 2.18% due to ADR. Overall, 2,775 challenges encountered during nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling were recorded, mainly involving communication medium barrier (n = 1,446, 52.11%) and inability to contact patients (n = 1,164, 41.95%). The study highlighted prevalent DRPs and challenges in nirmatrelvir/ritonavir counselling, emphasising personalised management and infrastructure improvements for optimal COVID-19 treatment.