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<p>Multiple members of the tit and chickadee (= Parid) family combine two classes of calls, F and D, in a rigid order FD. In Japanese tits, FD has been argued on the basis of multiple experiments to involve syntax and non-trivial compositionality. How ancient are these call combinations? We show that FD combinations (as well as individual F and D calls) are present in nearly all Parid species, and almost absent in their closest relatives, the Remizidae and Stenostiridae. Using phylogenetic tools and ancestral reconstruction methods, we infer that FD combinations very likely emerged between 11 and 26&#xa0;million years ago in the eastern Himalayas. This result contributes to evolutionary animal linguistics using a comparative phylogenetic approach to reconstruct the evolution of call combinations.</p>

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Birds combined calls more than 11 million years ago

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Ambre Salis,
  • Robin J. Ryder,
  • Axel Molina,
  • Philippe Schlenker,
  • Emmanuel Chemla

摘要

Multiple members of the tit and chickadee (= Parid) family combine two classes of calls, F and D, in a rigid order FD. In Japanese tits, FD has been argued on the basis of multiple experiments to involve syntax and non-trivial compositionality. How ancient are these call combinations? We show that FD combinations (as well as individual F and D calls) are present in nearly all Parid species, and almost absent in their closest relatives, the Remizidae and Stenostiridae. Using phylogenetic tools and ancestral reconstruction methods, we infer that FD combinations very likely emerged between 11 and 26 million years ago in the eastern Himalayas. This result contributes to evolutionary animal linguistics using a comparative phylogenetic approach to reconstruct the evolution of call combinations.