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<p>Biologically synthesized nanoparticles act as growth stimulants and enhance plant tolerance to stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using an aqueous extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> as a plant stimulant on the morphological and physiological traits of <i>Pelargonium hortorum</i> under drought stress conditions in greenhouse experiments. First, the synthesis of AgNPs and their morphology and particle size distribution were examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on geranium growth, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, including three levels of drought stress (30, 60, and 90% field capacity) and four levels of nanoparticle foliar application (0, 10, 20, and 30%) with three replications over six months. The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were highly homogeneous and spherical, with an average size ranging from 8 to 12 nanometers. Foliar application at a 10% concentration significantly improved all evaluated parameters and partially mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation belonged to stem diameter (15.27%) and catalase enzyme activity (17.62%). The application of nanoparticles at a 10% concentration significantly increased leaf blade length and width, plant height, flower diameter, petal anthocyanin content, catalase enzyme activity, and chlorophyll content compared to the control. However, regarding stem diameter and flowering time, the highest increase was observed at 20% and 30% nanoparticle concentrations, respectively. Additionally, AgNPs at a 10% concentration increased phosphorus and potassium content in geranium leaves, whereas higher concentrations and drought stress reduced nitrogen and potassium levels. Therefore, foliar application of AgNPs (10%) can reduce the adverse effects of drought stress and serve as a practical, effective, and cost-efficient approach to mitigating stress and improving geranium growth and yield under water-limited conditions.</p>

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The effect of foliar application of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Moringa oleifera on improving the yield and quality of Pelargonium hortorum under drought stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Mehrdad Babarabie,
  • Parvin Zolfaghary,
  • Ali Salehi Sardoei,
  • Zeinab Fotoohiyan,
  • Amir Ghorbanzadeh,
  • Atoosa Danyaei,
  • Sediqeh Afsharipour

摘要

Biologically synthesized nanoparticles act as growth stimulants and enhance plant tolerance to stresses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera as a plant stimulant on the morphological and physiological traits of Pelargonium hortorum under drought stress conditions in greenhouse experiments. First, the synthesis of AgNPs and their morphology and particle size distribution were examined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on geranium growth, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, including three levels of drought stress (30, 60, and 90% field capacity) and four levels of nanoparticle foliar application (0, 10, 20, and 30%) with three replications over six months. The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were highly homogeneous and spherical, with an average size ranging from 8 to 12 nanometers. Foliar application at a 10% concentration significantly improved all evaluated parameters and partially mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation belonged to stem diameter (15.27%) and catalase enzyme activity (17.62%). The application of nanoparticles at a 10% concentration significantly increased leaf blade length and width, plant height, flower diameter, petal anthocyanin content, catalase enzyme activity, and chlorophyll content compared to the control. However, regarding stem diameter and flowering time, the highest increase was observed at 20% and 30% nanoparticle concentrations, respectively. Additionally, AgNPs at a 10% concentration increased phosphorus and potassium content in geranium leaves, whereas higher concentrations and drought stress reduced nitrogen and potassium levels. Therefore, foliar application of AgNPs (10%) can reduce the adverse effects of drought stress and serve as a practical, effective, and cost-efficient approach to mitigating stress and improving geranium growth and yield under water-limited conditions.