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<p>China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has introduced the National Action Plan for Smart Agriculture (2024–2028) to modernize agriculture through technology and energy restructuring. This study analyzes spatial geographic big data (2014–2022) at the district and county levels to evaluate agricultural output value, influencing factors, and sustainable development potential. Using the Malmquist index, the efficiency of agricultural output across regions is assessed, identifying provinces with efficiency and inefficiency zones. A Spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) with interaction terms is applied to explore factors influencing agricultural output at national, efficiency, and inefficiency levels. In addition, the coupling coordination degree is used to measure the sustainable development capacity of different regions in five ways. The findings suggest the government should implement targeted policies based on agricultural efficiency disparities. Recommendations include improving mechanization, optimizing resource allocation, enhancing soil quality, and promoting sustainable practices in efficient zones. For inefficient zones, strategies should focus on technological advancement and resource management. Differentiated support is advised to balance economic, environmental, and population sustainability, fostering coordinated regional development.</p>

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Evaluating agricultural efficiency and sustainable development in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Muren,
  • Xiaokun Sun,
  • Junya Yao,
  • Li Cao

摘要

China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has introduced the National Action Plan for Smart Agriculture (2024–2028) to modernize agriculture through technology and energy restructuring. This study analyzes spatial geographic big data (2014–2022) at the district and county levels to evaluate agricultural output value, influencing factors, and sustainable development potential. Using the Malmquist index, the efficiency of agricultural output across regions is assessed, identifying provinces with efficiency and inefficiency zones. A Spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression (GTWR) with interaction terms is applied to explore factors influencing agricultural output at national, efficiency, and inefficiency levels. In addition, the coupling coordination degree is used to measure the sustainable development capacity of different regions in five ways. The findings suggest the government should implement targeted policies based on agricultural efficiency disparities. Recommendations include improving mechanization, optimizing resource allocation, enhancing soil quality, and promoting sustainable practices in efficient zones. For inefficient zones, strategies should focus on technological advancement and resource management. Differentiated support is advised to balance economic, environmental, and population sustainability, fostering coordinated regional development.