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<p>This study investigates the relative contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during lower limb extension exercises under varying supramaximal loads in elite volleyball players, utilizing advanced kinematic and dynamic metrics. Thirty-three elite male volleyball athletes from the Chinese National Team participated in this controlled experimental study. The study employed a repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences across loading conditions, with effect sizes calculated using partial eta-squared (η<sup>2</sup>). Significant shifts in joint contributions were observed as external loads increased, with the knee joint being the primary contributor at lower loads and the hip joint assuming dominance as the load increased. Specifically, the Net Joint Moments (NJMs) at the knee decreased significantly (95%CI, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while those at the hip increased correspondingly (95%CI, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), highlighting the biomechanical demands of higher loads. Despite these shifts, the maximum flexion angles remained stable across all conditions. The findings suggest that unweighted countermovement jumps (CMJs) optimize knee muscle strength, while low-load CMJs are more effective for enhancing hip muscle strength and explosive power. These insights are critical for developing training programs that improve performance and reduce injury risk in high-intensity sports.</p>

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Biomechanical and neuromuscular adaptations in joint contributions during loaded countermovement jumps

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月31日

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  • Xin Zhang,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Bin Lu,
  • Xiaoqing Sun,
  • Jianjun Cui,
  • Guogang Tian,
  • Zhejia Zhang,
  • Yongzhen Li,
  • Yuantai Yu,
  • Guanhua Zhang,
  • Xinjie Pang,
  • Jinhao Liu,
  • Chenxuan Feng

摘要

This study investigates the relative contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during lower limb extension exercises under varying supramaximal loads in elite volleyball players, utilizing advanced kinematic and dynamic metrics. Thirty-three elite male volleyball athletes from the Chinese National Team participated in this controlled experimental study. The study employed a repeated measures ANOVA to assess differences across loading conditions, with effect sizes calculated using partial eta-squared (η2). Significant shifts in joint contributions were observed as external loads increased, with the knee joint being the primary contributor at lower loads and the hip joint assuming dominance as the load increased. Specifically, the Net Joint Moments (NJMs) at the knee decreased significantly (95%CI, p < 0.001), while those at the hip increased correspondingly (95%CI, p < 0.001), highlighting the biomechanical demands of higher loads. Despite these shifts, the maximum flexion angles remained stable across all conditions. The findings suggest that unweighted countermovement jumps (CMJs) optimize knee muscle strength, while low-load CMJs are more effective for enhancing hip muscle strength and explosive power. These insights are critical for developing training programs that improve performance and reduce injury risk in high-intensity sports.