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<p>In this study, we investigate the origin and diversification of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> vectors within the Rhodniini tribe (Triatominae subfamily) through phylogenetic analyses based on eight genes from 17 species and 497 specimens—the largest sampling of this tribe to date. Our results predominantly support the paraphyly of the genus <i>Rhodnius</i>, with the three <i>Psammolestes</i> species forming a well-supported monophyletic clade nested within it. In two reconstructions, however, <i>Psammolestes</i> and <i>Rhodnius</i> are recovered as reciprocally monophyletic, each with strong support. In <i>Rhodnius</i>, we find monophyletic <i>pallescens</i> and <i>pictipes</i> groups, but a paraphyletic <i>prolixus</i> group, with persistent phylogenetic discordances underscoring uncertainties in species placements. Divergence estimates suggest Rhodniini originated around 5.26 million years ago, notably more recent than previously thought. Evolution within the tribe appears shaped by geography, gene flow, and incomplete lineage sorting rather than traditional taxonomy. Only four species—<i>P. arthuri</i>, <i>R. ecuadoriensis</i>, <i>R. neivai</i>, and <i>R. neglectus</i>—are consistently supported across analyses, likely diversifying during Pleistocene climate changes. Other Rhodniini species may represent a panmictic population with minor structuring influenced by the Andes uplift. This study underscores the need for integrative research combining genetic, ecological, and biogeographical data to fully understand Rhodniini speciation and diversification.</p>

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Multilocus analysis uncovers the evolution of the Rhodniini tribe, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Carolina Hernández,
  • Fabian C. Salgado-Roa,
  • Carolina Pardo-Diaz,
  • João Aristeu da Rosa,
  • Jader Oliveira,
  • Cleber Galvão,
  • Simone Patrícia Carneiro Freitas,
  • Jose E. Calzada,
  • Lineth Garcia,
  • Mario J. Grijalva,
  • Anita G. Villacís,
  • Hernan Carrasco,
  • Maikell Segovia,
  • Cesar Gomez Hernandez,
  • Plutarco Urbano,
  • Omar Cantillo-Barraza,
  • Felipe Guhl,
  • Julio Cesar Carranza,
  • Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi,
  • Claudia Sandoval,
  • Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi,
  • Gustavo Vallejo,
  • Camilo Salazar,
  • Juan David Ramírez

摘要

In this study, we investigate the origin and diversification of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors within the Rhodniini tribe (Triatominae subfamily) through phylogenetic analyses based on eight genes from 17 species and 497 specimens—the largest sampling of this tribe to date. Our results predominantly support the paraphyly of the genus Rhodnius, with the three Psammolestes species forming a well-supported monophyletic clade nested within it. In two reconstructions, however, Psammolestes and Rhodnius are recovered as reciprocally monophyletic, each with strong support. In Rhodnius, we find monophyletic pallescens and pictipes groups, but a paraphyletic prolixus group, with persistent phylogenetic discordances underscoring uncertainties in species placements. Divergence estimates suggest Rhodniini originated around 5.26 million years ago, notably more recent than previously thought. Evolution within the tribe appears shaped by geography, gene flow, and incomplete lineage sorting rather than traditional taxonomy. Only four species—P. arthuri, R. ecuadoriensis, R. neivai, and R. neglectus—are consistently supported across analyses, likely diversifying during Pleistocene climate changes. Other Rhodniini species may represent a panmictic population with minor structuring influenced by the Andes uplift. This study underscores the need for integrative research combining genetic, ecological, and biogeographical data to fully understand Rhodniini speciation and diversification.