This study investigated the shielding properties of five glass samples (same molecular composition, varying component percentages) against nuclear radiation using Geant4 Monte Carlo. Calculations determined the linear attenuation coefficient, MFP, TVL, and HVL for the samples against \(^{241}Am\) (60 keV), \(^{137}Cs\) (662 keV), and \(^{60}Co\) (1.2 MeV) sources. Mass attenuation coefficients were calculated and compared with XCOM data. Photon intensity reduction was analyzed. Given the \(\:{B}_{2}{O}_{3}\) base and boron’s neutron absorption, neutron shielding was expected. The samples were tested against \(^{241}Am\) -Be and \(^{252}Cf\) mixed sources, calculating reduced neutron/photon flux and transmitted radiation spectra. Proton beam shielding was investigated, determining the maximum proton energy stopped by each sample. Using a MIRD phantom and the \(^{252}Cf\:\) source, dose reduction in the body and organs due to the shields was calculated. Results show higher density improves shielding; sample 5 (densest) performed best. For photons, sample 5’s shielding was ~ 3.2 greater than sample 1 at 60 keV, and ~ 1.2 greater at 1.2 MeV. Lower energies showed better shielding, with \(^{252}Cf\:\) performing better overall. 1 cm thick samples against protons showed denser samples had higher shielding; sample 1 stopped 53 MeV protons, increasing by 1 MeV per sample to sample 5.2 cm thick samples between the \(^{252}Cf\:\) source and MIRD phantom reduced whole-body dose by 28% (sample 1) and 40% (sample 5). Simulation is a cost-effective way to assess shielding performance, revealing strengths and weaknesses against various radiation types and energies.
