<p>The birefringence of reflection and transmission as well as their corresponding Goos–Hänchen shifts are investigated with complex conductivity in a four level chiral atomic medium. The left circularly polarized (LCP) beam and right circularly polarized (RCP) beam obey the normalization condition <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="157" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|R^{(R,L)}|+|T^{(R,L)}|=1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with forward and backward currents as well as coupled driving fields parameters at the interface of a lossy chiral medium of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|A^{(R,L)}|\simeq 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>≃</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and polystyrene. For the birefringent transmission, the positive GH-shifts are reported while for the birefringent reflection, the negative GH-shifts are measured. The maximum GH-shift in reflections of RCP and LCP beams is measured to <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S^{(R,L)}_{r}=-10\lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and that in the transmission is measured to <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S^{(R,L)}_{t}=10\lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>S</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with forward and backward currents of complex conductivity. Furthermore, maximum values of GH-shifts in reflection and transmission of LCP beams are calculated to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm 40\lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>±</mo> <mn>40</mn> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and RCP beams are calculated to <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2024_72677_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pm 10\lambda\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>±</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with control field Rabi frequency and backward current variation. The results indicate possible uses in the designing of optical and conductive sensors.</p>

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Coherent manipulation of Goos–Hänchen shifts by forward and backward currents of complex conductivity in chiral medium

  • Zia Ul Haq,
  • Iftikhar Ahmad,
  • Bakht Amin Bacha,
  • Ali Akgül,
  • Murad Khan Hassani

摘要

The birefringence of reflection and transmission as well as their corresponding Goos–Hänchen shifts are investigated with complex conductivity in a four level chiral atomic medium. The left circularly polarized (LCP) beam and right circularly polarized (RCP) beam obey the normalization condition \(|R^{(R,L)}|+|T^{(R,L)}|=1\) | R ( R , L ) | + | T ( R , L ) | = 1 with forward and backward currents as well as coupled driving fields parameters at the interface of a lossy chiral medium of \(|A^{(R,L)}|\simeq 0\) | A ( R , L ) | 0 and polystyrene. For the birefringent transmission, the positive GH-shifts are reported while for the birefringent reflection, the negative GH-shifts are measured. The maximum GH-shift in reflections of RCP and LCP beams is measured to \(S^{(R,L)}_{r}=-10\lambda\) S r ( R , L ) = - 10 λ and that in the transmission is measured to \(S^{(R,L)}_{t}=10\lambda\) S t ( R , L ) = 10 λ with forward and backward currents of complex conductivity. Furthermore, maximum values of GH-shifts in reflection and transmission of LCP beams are calculated to \(\pm 40\lambda\) ± 40 λ and RCP beams are calculated to \(\pm 10\lambda\) ± 10 λ with control field Rabi frequency and backward current variation. The results indicate possible uses in the designing of optical and conductive sensors.