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<p>Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1 and H3N2, differ in their pathogenicity and host interactions, yet their impacts on gut microbiota and host metabolism remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus subtypes on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of Bama pigs through macrogenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analyses. Both H1N1 and H3N2 infections significantly altered the gut microbiota composition and serum metabolite profiles, with H3N2 inducing more pronounced changes. H3N2 infection markedly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, reduced Bacteroidota, and further depleted short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota. Serum metabolomic analysis revealed broader metabolic perturbations under H3N2 infection, including disruptions in glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and related pathways. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between specific gut microbes and serum metabolites; for example, Prevotella was positively correlated with amino acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings indicate that influenza virus subtypes can remodel host metabolic states through gut microbiota-metabolite interactions, expanding current understanding of host responses to influenza infection and providing a data-driven foundation for future prevention and intervention strategies.</p>

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Subtype-specific impacts of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses on gut microbiota and serum metabolome in Bama miniature pigs

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Chengyi Qi,
  • Bin Fu,
  • Cuilian Yu,
  • Mingshuai Shen,
  • Shumin Chen,
  • Yongan Wang,
  • Kezhou Wang,
  • Zhao Wang

摘要

Influenza A viruses, particularly H1N1 and H3N2, differ in their pathogenicity and host interactions, yet their impacts on gut microbiota and host metabolism remain poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus subtypes on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of Bama pigs through macrogenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analyses. Both H1N1 and H3N2 infections significantly altered the gut microbiota composition and serum metabolite profiles, with H3N2 inducing more pronounced changes. H3N2 infection markedly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, reduced Bacteroidota, and further depleted short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota. Serum metabolomic analysis revealed broader metabolic perturbations under H3N2 infection, including disruptions in glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and related pathways. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between specific gut microbes and serum metabolites; for example, Prevotella was positively correlated with amino acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings indicate that influenza virus subtypes can remodel host metabolic states through gut microbiota-metabolite interactions, expanding current understanding of host responses to influenza infection and providing a data-driven foundation for future prevention and intervention strategies.