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<p>Rapid population aging in China has created an urgent demand for equitable access to elderly care services, yet a notable data gap remains in quantifying and comparing accessibility across major cities. To address this, we present a comprehensive dataset on the spatial accessibility and inequality of elderly care facilities in 21 major Chinese cities circa 2020. The dataset was generated using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method, which integrates facility capacity, population demand, and distance decay in travel behavior. Core data include 21 high-resolution (100 m) raster files measuring accessibility and 21 corresponding raster files (1 km) measuring spatial inequality using the Gini coefficient. Technical validation compared 4,099 model-derived network distances with commercial map service APIs, showing strong accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.94 for all cities). The full dataset, including raster and tabular files, is publicly available. This resource offers a foundation for research in urban planning, public health, transportation geography, and socioeconomics.</p>

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High-Resolution dataset on elderly care facility accessibility and inequality in 21 Chinese cities (2020)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Xinyue Han,
  • Yuxiao Wang,
  • Zanmei Wei,
  • Huaxiong Jiang

摘要

Rapid population aging in China has created an urgent demand for equitable access to elderly care services, yet a notable data gap remains in quantifying and comparing accessibility across major cities. To address this, we present a comprehensive dataset on the spatial accessibility and inequality of elderly care facilities in 21 major Chinese cities circa 2020. The dataset was generated using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) method, which integrates facility capacity, population demand, and distance decay in travel behavior. Core data include 21 high-resolution (100 m) raster files measuring accessibility and 21 corresponding raster files (1 km) measuring spatial inequality using the Gini coefficient. Technical validation compared 4,099 model-derived network distances with commercial map service APIs, showing strong accuracy (R2 > 0.94 for all cities). The full dataset, including raster and tabular files, is publicly available. This resource offers a foundation for research in urban planning, public health, transportation geography, and socioeconomics.