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<p>The Mexican axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) is an established model for studying tetrapod regeneration and development. Notably, axolotls exhibit remarkable brain regeneration as adults, a trait rarely observed in other adult vertebrates. Adult axolotls can undergo metamorphosis, a process that induces dramatic remodeling of multiple organs and is accompanied by a gradual decline in regenerative capacity and lifespan. However, systematic studies on whole-brain cellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms in both adult and metamorphosed individuals remain lacking. Here, we profiled five representative brain regions (olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon/mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and pituitary) of the axolotl brain via spatial transcriptomics in both adult and metamorphosed individuals. Our work reveals metamorphosis-associated changes in cell types and molecular profiles across brain regions.</p>

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A spatial transcriptomics comparison of the adult versus metamorphosed axolotl brain

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Shuai Wang,
  • Sulei Fu,
  • Xiawei Liu,
  • Yan-Yun Zeng,
  • Lianrui Zhang,
  • Nannan Zhang,
  • Xi Dai,
  • Hanbo Li,
  • Ying Gu,
  • Xiaoyu Wei,
  • Ji-Feng Fei,
  • Yang Liu

摘要

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an established model for studying tetrapod regeneration and development. Notably, axolotls exhibit remarkable brain regeneration as adults, a trait rarely observed in other adult vertebrates. Adult axolotls can undergo metamorphosis, a process that induces dramatic remodeling of multiple organs and is accompanied by a gradual decline in regenerative capacity and lifespan. However, systematic studies on whole-brain cellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms in both adult and metamorphosed individuals remain lacking. Here, we profiled five representative brain regions (olfactory bulb, telencephalon, diencephalon/mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, and pituitary) of the axolotl brain via spatial transcriptomics in both adult and metamorphosed individuals. Our work reveals metamorphosis-associated changes in cell types and molecular profiles across brain regions.