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<p>The <i>Arunachali</i> yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>), a high-altitude ruminant endemic to India, is genetically and economically significant for pastoral communities. However, challenges such as population decline, inbreeding, and genetic dilution through crossbreeding threaten its conservation. We generated a high-quality reference genome using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and Hi-C sequencing to elucidate its genomic features and adaptive mechanisms. The 2.85 Gb genome, assembled with hifiasm, achieved a contig N50 of 70.4 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 102.99 Mb, with high completeness validated by BUSCO analysis. Annotation identified 25,855 protein-coding genes, with 81.5% functionally characterized. Repeat analysis revealed 44.68% transposable elements, with LINEs (28.26%) being the most abundant. This comprehensive genomic resource can help provide crucial insights into high-altitude adaptation, disease resistance, and productivity traits, and could support genomic-assisted breeding, conservation, and sustainable management of the <i>Arunachali</i> yak.</p>

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De Novo Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Arunachali Yak

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Martina Pukhrambam,
  • Kishor U. Tribhuvan,
  • Vijay Paul,
  • Avinash Pandey,
  • Atrayee Dutta,
  • Vijai Pal Bhadana,
  • Suresh Dabas,
  • G. I. Ramakrushna,
  • K. P. Raghavendra,
  • Pooja Verma,
  • Y. G. Prasad,
  • A. K. Mohanty,
  • Sujay Rakshit,
  • Mihir Sarkar

摘要

The Arunachali yak (Bos grunniens), a high-altitude ruminant endemic to India, is genetically and economically significant for pastoral communities. However, challenges such as population decline, inbreeding, and genetic dilution through crossbreeding threaten its conservation. We generated a high-quality reference genome using PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and Hi-C sequencing to elucidate its genomic features and adaptive mechanisms. The 2.85 Gb genome, assembled with hifiasm, achieved a contig N50 of 70.4 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 102.99 Mb, with high completeness validated by BUSCO analysis. Annotation identified 25,855 protein-coding genes, with 81.5% functionally characterized. Repeat analysis revealed 44.68% transposable elements, with LINEs (28.26%) being the most abundant. This comprehensive genomic resource can help provide crucial insights into high-altitude adaptation, disease resistance, and productivity traits, and could support genomic-assisted breeding, conservation, and sustainable management of the Arunachali yak.