<p>Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has revolutionized nanoscale cellular imaging, providing detailed insights into cellular architecture, organelle organization, molecular interactions and subcellular dynamics. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown its transformative potential for improving SRM to advance our understanding of complex cellular structures and dynamics. This Review begins by offering a comprehensive overview of AI techniques in computer vision, focusing on their application to SRM. Additionally, this Review provides a thorough summary of publicly available code and datasets that can support the development and evaluation of AI-empowered SRM. Notably, many AI techniques in the domain of computer vision remain underexplored in SRM. The ongoing evolution of AI promises to unlock new potential in SRM, and the integration of cutting-edge AI technologies is poised to pioneer breakthroughs in nanoscale cellular imaging.</p>