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<p>Mammalian cells receive signaling instructions through interactions on their surfaces. Proteoglycans are critical to these interactions, carrying long glycosaminoglycans that recruit signaling molecules. Biosynthetic redundancy in the first glycosylation step by two xylosyltransferases XT1/2 complicates annotation of proteoglycans. Here we develop a chemical genetic strategy that manipulates the glycan attachment site of cellular proteoglycans. Through a bump-and-hole tactic, we engineer the two isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 to specifically transfer the chemically tagged xylose analog 6AzGlc to target proteins. The tag contains a bioorthogonal functionality, allowing to visualize and profile target proteins in mammalian cells. Unlike xylose analogs, 6AzGlc is amenable to cellular nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, establishing the XT1/2 bump-and-hole tactic in cells. The approach allows pinpointing glycosylation sites by mass spectrometry and exploiting the chemical handle to manufacture proteoglycans with defined glycosaminoglycan chains for cellular applications. Engineered XT enzymes permit an orthogonal view into proteoglycan biology through conventional techniques in biochemistry.</p><p></p>

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Xylosyltransferase engineering to manipulate proteoglycans in mammalian cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Zhen Li,
  • Himanshi Chawla,
  • Lucia Di Vagno,
  • Aisling Ní Cheallaigh,
  • Meg Critcher,
  • Douglas Sammon,
  • Edgar Gonzalez-Rodriguez,
  • David C. Briggs,
  • Nara Chung,
  • Vincent Chang,
  • Keira E. Mahoney,
  • Anna Cioce,
  • Ganka Bineva-Todd,
  • Pei-Ying Wang,
  • Yi-Chang Liu,
  • Lloyd D. Murphy,
  • Yen-Hsi Chen,
  • Yoshiki Narimatsu,
  • Rebecca L. Miller,
  • Lianne I. Willems,
  • Stacy A. Malaker,
  • Mia L. Huang,
  • Gavin J. Miller,
  • Erhard Hohenester,
  • Benjamin Schumann

摘要

Mammalian cells receive signaling instructions through interactions on their surfaces. Proteoglycans are critical to these interactions, carrying long glycosaminoglycans that recruit signaling molecules. Biosynthetic redundancy in the first glycosylation step by two xylosyltransferases XT1/2 complicates annotation of proteoglycans. Here we develop a chemical genetic strategy that manipulates the glycan attachment site of cellular proteoglycans. Through a bump-and-hole tactic, we engineer the two isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 to specifically transfer the chemically tagged xylose analog 6AzGlc to target proteins. The tag contains a bioorthogonal functionality, allowing to visualize and profile target proteins in mammalian cells. Unlike xylose analogs, 6AzGlc is amenable to cellular nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis, establishing the XT1/2 bump-and-hole tactic in cells. The approach allows pinpointing glycosylation sites by mass spectrometry and exploiting the chemical handle to manufacture proteoglycans with defined glycosaminoglycan chains for cellular applications. Engineered XT enzymes permit an orthogonal view into proteoglycan biology through conventional techniques in biochemistry.