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<p>Caspase-1, -4, -5, and -11 activate Gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, causing pyroptotic cell death and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 <sup>1</sup>. Blocking this pathway holds therapeutic promise for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, but cell permeable caspase inhibitors have not been successful in clinical trials <sup>2</sup>. Here, we describe covalent caspase inhibitors that selectively block pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion despite being excluded from healthy cells. These inhibitors did not prevent caspase-driven apoptosis, implying that GSDMD pores facilitated their uptake. Membrane-impermeable dyes entered the cells rescued from pyroptosis, consistent with transient membrane permeabilization by GSDMD pores. Caspase inhibition prevented rather than delayed cell death, consistent with membrane repair mechanisms neutralizing the initial GSDMD pores. Inhibiting caspase-1 and -11 suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 production in a mouse model of endotoxic shock, underscoring the therapeutic potential of exploiting GSDMD pores for targeted caspase inhibition in inflammatory diseases.</p>

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Gasdermin D-mediated delivery of caspase inhibitors to suppress pyroptosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Katarzyna M. Groborz,
  • Melissa E. Truong,
  • Irma Stowe,
  • Katherine E. Wickliffe,
  • Bettina Lee,
  • Stefan Bauernfried,
  • Robert S. Jones,
  • Emile Plise,
  • Elizabeth S. Levy,
  • Ponien Kou,
  • Wyne P. Lee,
  • Juan Zhang,
  • Hanna Budayeva,
  • Christopher M. Rose,
  • Julia Nguyen,
  • Malgorzata Kalinka,
  • Marcin Drag,
  • Nobuhiko Kayagaki,
  • Kim Newton,
  • Marcin Poreba,
  • Vishva M. Dixit

摘要

Caspase-1, -4, -5, and -11 activate Gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores, causing pyroptotic cell death and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 1. Blocking this pathway holds therapeutic promise for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, but cell permeable caspase inhibitors have not been successful in clinical trials 2. Here, we describe covalent caspase inhibitors that selectively block pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion despite being excluded from healthy cells. These inhibitors did not prevent caspase-driven apoptosis, implying that GSDMD pores facilitated their uptake. Membrane-impermeable dyes entered the cells rescued from pyroptosis, consistent with transient membrane permeabilization by GSDMD pores. Caspase inhibition prevented rather than delayed cell death, consistent with membrane repair mechanisms neutralizing the initial GSDMD pores. Inhibiting caspase-1 and -11 suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 production in a mouse model of endotoxic shock, underscoring the therapeutic potential of exploiting GSDMD pores for targeted caspase inhibition in inflammatory diseases.