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<p>In some unconventional superconductors, time-reversal symmetry can be broken in addition to the gauge symmetry<sup>1</sup>, resulting in superconductivities that can be enhanced or induced by magnetic fields<sup>2</sup>. However, field-enhanced superconductors are more vulnerable to impurities than Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer counterparts<sup>3</sup>. Crystalline rhombohedral multilayer graphene is a promising platform to explore them due to its superior material quality and gate-tunable strong correlation effects<sup>4,5</sup>. Here we report transport measurements of rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene, demonstrating a spectrum of clean-limit superconductivities. We found three different types of field-enhanced and field-induced superconductivities in the pentalayer. They are all robust against an in-plane field up to 8.5 Tesla, exceeding the Pauli limit by tens of times. Compared to Bernal bilayer graphene showing only in-plane field-enhancement<sup>6</sup>, pentalayer graphene features superconductors enhanced by out-of-plane as well as in-plane fields. They also reside at much lower gate electric fields owing to the intrinsically flatter band dispersion—facilitating their study and further engineering. Additionally, we observed that proximitized spin-orbit coupling (SOC) generates multiple new superconductors without introducing additional disorder effects. Our work establishes a new family of magnetic field-boosted superconductors in rhombohedral graphene. Utilizing the high accessibility with moderate gate voltages, this will pave the way for realizing non-Abelian quasiparticles through interfacial engineering<sup>7</sup> in the extreme clean limit, in that proximitized SOC leads to topological states<sup>8</sup> and maintains the ultrahigh quality of crystalline graphene.</p>

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Family of magnetic field-boosted superconductors in rhombohedral graphene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Junseok Seo,
  • Armel A. Cotten,
  • Shenyong Ye,
  • Mingchi Xu,
  • Omid Sharifi Sedeh,
  • Henok Weldeyesus,
  • Tonghang Han,
  • Zhengguang Lu,
  • Zhenghan Wu,
  • Wei Xu,
  • Jixiang Yang,
  • Emily Aitken,
  • Prayoga P. Liong,
  • Phatthanon Pattanakanvijit,
  • Zach Hadjri,
  • Rasul Gazizulin,
  • Kenji Watanabe,
  • Takashi Taniguchi,
  • Mingda Li,
  • Dominik M. Zumbühl,
  • Long Ju

摘要

In some unconventional superconductors, time-reversal symmetry can be broken in addition to the gauge symmetry1, resulting in superconductivities that can be enhanced or induced by magnetic fields2. However, field-enhanced superconductors are more vulnerable to impurities than Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer counterparts3. Crystalline rhombohedral multilayer graphene is a promising platform to explore them due to its superior material quality and gate-tunable strong correlation effects4,5. Here we report transport measurements of rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene, demonstrating a spectrum of clean-limit superconductivities. We found three different types of field-enhanced and field-induced superconductivities in the pentalayer. They are all robust against an in-plane field up to 8.5 Tesla, exceeding the Pauli limit by tens of times. Compared to Bernal bilayer graphene showing only in-plane field-enhancement6, pentalayer graphene features superconductors enhanced by out-of-plane as well as in-plane fields. They also reside at much lower gate electric fields owing to the intrinsically flatter band dispersion—facilitating their study and further engineering. Additionally, we observed that proximitized spin-orbit coupling (SOC) generates multiple new superconductors without introducing additional disorder effects. Our work establishes a new family of magnetic field-boosted superconductors in rhombohedral graphene. Utilizing the high accessibility with moderate gate voltages, this will pave the way for realizing non-Abelian quasiparticles through interfacial engineering7 in the extreme clean limit, in that proximitized SOC leads to topological states8 and maintains the ultrahigh quality of crystalline graphene.