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<p>Since the invention of the first transistor based on germanium, a wide range of 3D semiconductors, metals and insulators have been used as building blocks for integrated logic and memory devices. However, the energy consumption of electronic devices based on these 3D materials has continued to increase, particularly in emerging paradigms such as artificial intelligence, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of technological advancement. To overcome this limitation, incorporating atomically thin van der Waals materials into electronic devices has been proposed, as their unique structural, electronic and polymorphic properties could enable new mechanisms to enhance device energy efficiency. Here, we discuss fundamental challenges faced by conventional 3D-material-based electronics and present how van der Waals materials can be used to address these limitations for energy-efficient device architectures. We conclude by summarizing the key challenges that remain and outlining strategic directions to bridge the gap between fundamental materials science and practical device applications for sustainable, energy-efficient devices.</p>

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Van der Waals materials for energy-efficient electronic devices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Eunji Hwang,
  • Heemyoung Hong,
  • Yongjoon Lee,
  • Yanggeun Joo,
  • Sangsu Yer,
  • Suyeon Cho,
  • Heejun Yang

摘要

Since the invention of the first transistor based on germanium, a wide range of 3D semiconductors, metals and insulators have been used as building blocks for integrated logic and memory devices. However, the energy consumption of electronic devices based on these 3D materials has continued to increase, particularly in emerging paradigms such as artificial intelligence, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of technological advancement. To overcome this limitation, incorporating atomically thin van der Waals materials into electronic devices has been proposed, as their unique structural, electronic and polymorphic properties could enable new mechanisms to enhance device energy efficiency. Here, we discuss fundamental challenges faced by conventional 3D-material-based electronics and present how van der Waals materials can be used to address these limitations for energy-efficient device architectures. We conclude by summarizing the key challenges that remain and outlining strategic directions to bridge the gap between fundamental materials science and practical device applications for sustainable, energy-efficient devices.