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<p>In the context of adaptive immunity, T cells are activated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a process that begins with peptide–MHC complexes on the APC being recognized by T cell receptor and CD3 co-receptor complexes on the T cell. This triggers a reorganization of T cell morphology, formation of an immune synapse, and the delivery of signals that ultimately culminate in nuclear activation. The interaction between T cells and APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), was originally viewed as a unidirectional information highway in which the APC instructs the T cell. It is now clear that bidirectional crosstalk occurs at the immune synapse and that T cells also shape APC functions. The concept of ‘DC licensing’ originally suggested an instructive role for T cells in modifying DC functions. More recent studies have provided important insight into the changes that occur in DCs during antigen-driven contacts with T cells at the immune synapse. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the bidirectional T cell–DC crosstalk that occurs at the IS and its relevance for immune responses and immunotherapies.</p>

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How crosstalk at the immune synapse shapes T cell and dendritic cell biology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Noa B. Martín-Cófreces,
  • Diego Calzada-Fraile,
  • Francisco Sánchez-Madrid

摘要

In the context of adaptive immunity, T cells are activated by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a process that begins with peptide–MHC complexes on the APC being recognized by T cell receptor and CD3 co-receptor complexes on the T cell. This triggers a reorganization of T cell morphology, formation of an immune synapse, and the delivery of signals that ultimately culminate in nuclear activation. The interaction between T cells and APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), was originally viewed as a unidirectional information highway in which the APC instructs the T cell. It is now clear that bidirectional crosstalk occurs at the immune synapse and that T cells also shape APC functions. The concept of ‘DC licensing’ originally suggested an instructive role for T cells in modifying DC functions. More recent studies have provided important insight into the changes that occur in DCs during antigen-driven contacts with T cells at the immune synapse. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the bidirectional T cell–DC crosstalk that occurs at the IS and its relevance for immune responses and immunotherapies.