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<p><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), results in more human mortality than any other single pathogen, in part because of the lack of an effective vaccine. Although T cells are essential for immunity to TB, the mechanisms that provide protective immunity are poorly understood. In this Review, we describe current gaps in our knowledge about T cell-mediated immune responses to <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and discuss how recent technologies, including multiphoton intravital microscopy, spatial multiomics and high-resolution in vivo analyses of cell–cell interactions, may be used to gain insights that can inform the design of T cell-targeted TB vaccines.</p>

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Finding and filling the knowledge gaps in mechanisms of T cell-mediated TB immunity to inform vaccine design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Emma Lefrançais,
  • Denis Hudrisier,
  • Olivier Neyrolles,
  • Samuel M. Behar,
  • Joel D. Ernst

摘要

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), results in more human mortality than any other single pathogen, in part because of the lack of an effective vaccine. Although T cells are essential for immunity to TB, the mechanisms that provide protective immunity are poorly understood. In this Review, we describe current gaps in our knowledge about T cell-mediated immune responses to M. tuberculosis and discuss how recent technologies, including multiphoton intravital microscopy, spatial multiomics and high-resolution in vivo analyses of cell–cell interactions, may be used to gain insights that can inform the design of T cell-targeted TB vaccines.