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<p>Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune depigmenting disorder that affects approximately 0.36% of the global population and presents in three forms based on lesion distribution: non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Beyond its visible impact on the skin, vitiligo deeply affects mental well-being and quality of life. The pathogenesis of non-segmental vitiligo is influenced by genetic polymorphisms that are linked to immune response and melanogenesis pathways, whereas environmental factors contribute to disease onset. Diagnosis is generally clinical, with laboratory tests or biopsies rarely required. Melanocyte loss involves mechanisms, such as cellular stress, innate immune activation and adaptive immune responses, that specifically target melanocytes, with a central role for tissue-resident memory T cells. This cascade ultimately leads to the depletion of epidermal melanocytes and impairs melanocyte stem cell regeneration. Clinical management emphasizes shared decision-making with three primary objectives: halting depigmentation, initiating repigmentation and sustaining pigment restoration. Signs of active disease help clinicians to&#xa0;identify patients in need of intervention. Treatments approved in the past 2 years offer potential for reversing disease progression, and emerging therapies targeting key pathways to modulate immune activation and stimulate melanocyte regeneration and differentiation are being tested in clinical trials.</p>

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Vitiligo

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Julien Seneschal,
  • Jung Min Bae,
  • Khaled Ezzedine,
  • Iltefat Hamzavi,
  • John E. Harris,
  • Barbara Bellei,
  • Davinder Parsad,
  • Thierry Passeron,
  • Nanja van Geel,
  • Katia Boniface,
  • Mauro Picardo

摘要

Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune depigmenting disorder that affects approximately 0.36% of the global population and presents in three forms based on lesion distribution: non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Beyond its visible impact on the skin, vitiligo deeply affects mental well-being and quality of life. The pathogenesis of non-segmental vitiligo is influenced by genetic polymorphisms that are linked to immune response and melanogenesis pathways, whereas environmental factors contribute to disease onset. Diagnosis is generally clinical, with laboratory tests or biopsies rarely required. Melanocyte loss involves mechanisms, such as cellular stress, innate immune activation and adaptive immune responses, that specifically target melanocytes, with a central role for tissue-resident memory T cells. This cascade ultimately leads to the depletion of epidermal melanocytes and impairs melanocyte stem cell regeneration. Clinical management emphasizes shared decision-making with three primary objectives: halting depigmentation, initiating repigmentation and sustaining pigment restoration. Signs of active disease help clinicians to identify patients in need of intervention. Treatments approved in the past 2 years offer potential for reversing disease progression, and emerging therapies targeting key pathways to modulate immune activation and stimulate melanocyte regeneration and differentiation are being tested in clinical trials.