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<p>Electro-optic frequency combs are foundational for applications in metrology and spectroscopy. Specifically, microresonator-based electro-optic combs are distinguished by efficient sideband generation, enabling high-performance integrated frequency references and pulse sources. However, the apparent simplicity of these devices, often described by the electro-optic modulation-induced coupling of nearest-neighbour cavity modes, has resulted in limited investigations of their fundamental physics, thereby restricting their full potential. Here we uncover the universal dynamics underpinning resonant electro-optic microcombs and characterize the full space of nonlinear optical states, controlled by modulation depth and optical detuning using the thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform. Furthermore, we design complex long-range couplings between cavity modes to realize programmable spectro-temporal shaping of the generated combs and pulses. We achieve three technological advances: repetition-rate flexibility, substantial comb bandwidth extension beyond traditional scaling laws and resonantly enhanced flat-top spectrum. Our results provide physical insights for synchronously driven cavity-based electro-optic systems broadly defined, and will enable electrically controlled and electrically enhanced comb generators for next-generation photonic applications.</p>

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Universal dynamics and microwave control of programmable resonant electro-optic frequency combs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Yunxiang Song,
  • Tianqi Lei,
  • Yanyun Xue,
  • Andrea Cordaro,
  • Michael Haas,
  • Guanhao Huang,
  • Xudong Li,
  • Shengyuan Lu,
  • Letícia Magalhães,
  • Jiayu Yang,
  • Matthew Yeh,
  • Xinrui Zhu,
  • Neil Sinclair,
  • Qihuang Gong,
  • Yaowen Hu,
  • Marko Lončar

摘要

Electro-optic frequency combs are foundational for applications in metrology and spectroscopy. Specifically, microresonator-based electro-optic combs are distinguished by efficient sideband generation, enabling high-performance integrated frequency references and pulse sources. However, the apparent simplicity of these devices, often described by the electro-optic modulation-induced coupling of nearest-neighbour cavity modes, has resulted in limited investigations of their fundamental physics, thereby restricting their full potential. Here we uncover the universal dynamics underpinning resonant electro-optic microcombs and characterize the full space of nonlinear optical states, controlled by modulation depth and optical detuning using the thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform. Furthermore, we design complex long-range couplings between cavity modes to realize programmable spectro-temporal shaping of the generated combs and pulses. We achieve three technological advances: repetition-rate flexibility, substantial comb bandwidth extension beyond traditional scaling laws and resonantly enhanced flat-top spectrum. Our results provide physical insights for synchronously driven cavity-based electro-optic systems broadly defined, and will enable electrically controlled and electrically enhanced comb generators for next-generation photonic applications.