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<p>Emergent non-reciprocity in active matter drives the formation of self-organized states that transcend the behaviours of equilibrium systems. Here we show that active solids composed of living starfish embryos spontaneously transition between stable fluctuating and stable oscillatory steady states. The non-equilibrium steady states arise from two distinct chiral symmetry-breaking mechanisms at the microscopic scale: the spinning of individual embryos resulting in a macroscopic odd elastic response and the precession of their rotation axis leading to active gyroelasticity. In the oscillatory state, we observe long-wavelength optical vibrational modes that can be excited through mechanical perturbations. These excitable non-reciprocal solids exhibit non-equilibrium work generation without cycling protocols, due to coupled vibrational modes. Our work introduces a new class of tunable non-equilibrium processes and offers a framework for designing and controlling soft robotic swarms and adaptive active materials while opening new possibilities for harnessing non-reciprocal interactions in engineered systems.</p>

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Selective excitation of work-generating cycles in non-reciprocal living solids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Yu-Chen Chao,
  • Shreyas Gokhale,
  • Lisa Lin,
  • Alasdair Hastewell,
  • Alexandru Bacanu,
  • Yuchao Chen,
  • Junang Li,
  • Jinghui Liu,
  • Hyunseok Lee,
  • Jörn Dunkel,
  • Nikta Fakhri

摘要

Emergent non-reciprocity in active matter drives the formation of self-organized states that transcend the behaviours of equilibrium systems. Here we show that active solids composed of living starfish embryos spontaneously transition between stable fluctuating and stable oscillatory steady states. The non-equilibrium steady states arise from two distinct chiral symmetry-breaking mechanisms at the microscopic scale: the spinning of individual embryos resulting in a macroscopic odd elastic response and the precession of their rotation axis leading to active gyroelasticity. In the oscillatory state, we observe long-wavelength optical vibrational modes that can be excited through mechanical perturbations. These excitable non-reciprocal solids exhibit non-equilibrium work generation without cycling protocols, due to coupled vibrational modes. Our work introduces a new class of tunable non-equilibrium processes and offers a framework for designing and controlling soft robotic swarms and adaptive active materials while opening new possibilities for harnessing non-reciprocal interactions in engineered systems.