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<p>Breaking spatial-inversion or time-reversal symmetry in solids leads to transverse electromagnetic effects such as the anomalous Hall effect, Faraday rotation, non-reciprocal directional dichroism and off-diagonal linear magnetoelectricity. These are all tied to the framework of magnetic toroidal invariance. Here we introduce a distinct class of transverse electromagnetic responses that arise from electric toroidal invariance in ferro-rotational systems that preserve both inversion and time-reversal symmetries. It is different from that governed by magnetic toroidal invariance. We demonstrate a high-order off-diagonal magnetic susceptibility of ferro-rotational domains and a reduced linear diagonal magnetic susceptibility at these domain walls in doped ilmenite FeTiO<sub>3</sub>. Our results reveal the presence of anomalous transverse susceptibilities in ferro-rotational materials with spontaneous electric toroidal moments. Therefore, our findings illustrate emergent functionalities of ferro-rotational materials.</p>

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Electric toroidal invariance generates distinct transverse electromagnetic responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Kai Du,
  • Daegeun Jo,
  • Xianghan Xu,
  • Fei-Ting Huang,
  • Ming-Hao Lee,
  • Ming-Wen Chu,
  • Kefeng Wang,
  • Xiaoyu Guo,
  • Liuyan Zhao,
  • David Vanderbilt,
  • Hyun-Woo Lee,
  • Sang-Wook Cheong

摘要

Breaking spatial-inversion or time-reversal symmetry in solids leads to transverse electromagnetic effects such as the anomalous Hall effect, Faraday rotation, non-reciprocal directional dichroism and off-diagonal linear magnetoelectricity. These are all tied to the framework of magnetic toroidal invariance. Here we introduce a distinct class of transverse electromagnetic responses that arise from electric toroidal invariance in ferro-rotational systems that preserve both inversion and time-reversal symmetries. It is different from that governed by magnetic toroidal invariance. We demonstrate a high-order off-diagonal magnetic susceptibility of ferro-rotational domains and a reduced linear diagonal magnetic susceptibility at these domain walls in doped ilmenite FeTiO3. Our results reveal the presence of anomalous transverse susceptibilities in ferro-rotational materials with spontaneous electric toroidal moments. Therefore, our findings illustrate emergent functionalities of ferro-rotational materials.