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<p>Without discrete pixels or wired leads, natural plant leaves respond to light and relay electrochemical signals to surrounding tissues through nanoscale chlorophyll-containing protein complexes—an elegant capability sought in next-generation leadless optoelectronic systems. Although semiconductors and their heterojunctions are commonly used to mimic photosynthesis, nanoplasmonic structures offer a largely untapped alternative. Harnessing plasmonic hot carriers for macroscopic systems remains challenging, limiting applications in tissue-level neuromodulation and human–machine interfaces. We introduce a hot-carrier artificial leaf optoelectronic device, formed by thermally self-organized three-dimensional gold-titanium dioxide units on ultrathin membranes. These nanoplasmonic interfaces enhance visible-light optoelectronic responsiveness at sub-100-nm thickness, support highly localized hot-carrier injection, and exhibit stable, linear performance over a wide range of light intensities, overcoming the material, bandgap and carrier diffusion limits of conventional semiconductors. The resulting nanoplasmonic devices enable leadless, multimodal optoelectronic modulation and pixel-less optical pattern recognition, presenting a potentially scalable platform for hot-carrier-enabled biomedical and human–machine interface technologies.</p>

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Self-organized nanoplasmonic artificial leaf for hot-carrier bioelectronic interfaces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Pengju Li,
  • Mengzhan Liufu,
  • Cooper R. Johnston,
  • Young-Woo Pyo,
  • Yuze Zheng,
  • Guangqing Yang,
  • Ananth Kamath,
  • Ruipeng Li,
  • Yuzi Liu,
  • Carlos A. Z. Bassetto Jr,
  • Jinxing Jiang,
  • Ashley Arcidiacono,
  • Chuanwang Yang,
  • Tiantian Guo,
  • Ji Wan,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Zirui Zhou,
  • Joseph Strzalka,
  • Fengyuan Shi,
  • Jiping Yue,
  • Lance Emry,
  • Jwwad Javed,
  • Isabel Vargas-Hurlston,
  • Richard D. Schaller,
  • Francisco Bezanilla,
  • Po-Chun Hsu,
  • Dmitri Talapin,
  • Jin Wang,
  • Hong-Gyu Park,
  • Sarah B. King,
  • Bozhi Tian

摘要

Without discrete pixels or wired leads, natural plant leaves respond to light and relay electrochemical signals to surrounding tissues through nanoscale chlorophyll-containing protein complexes—an elegant capability sought in next-generation leadless optoelectronic systems. Although semiconductors and their heterojunctions are commonly used to mimic photosynthesis, nanoplasmonic structures offer a largely untapped alternative. Harnessing plasmonic hot carriers for macroscopic systems remains challenging, limiting applications in tissue-level neuromodulation and human–machine interfaces. We introduce a hot-carrier artificial leaf optoelectronic device, formed by thermally self-organized three-dimensional gold-titanium dioxide units on ultrathin membranes. These nanoplasmonic interfaces enhance visible-light optoelectronic responsiveness at sub-100-nm thickness, support highly localized hot-carrier injection, and exhibit stable, linear performance over a wide range of light intensities, overcoming the material, bandgap and carrier diffusion limits of conventional semiconductors. The resulting nanoplasmonic devices enable leadless, multimodal optoelectronic modulation and pixel-less optical pattern recognition, presenting a potentially scalable platform for hot-carrier-enabled biomedical and human–machine interface technologies.