Giant trion modulation in scalable monolayer MoS2 via plasmonic HfN gates
摘要
Monolayer two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides offer strong excitonic responses and gate-tunable optical properties, making them attractive for next-generation photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving wafer-scale, room-temperature operation with a high photoluminescence modulation depth remains a key challenge owing to the limited electrostatic control and inefficient light–matter coupling. Here we overcome this challenge with a scalable, electrically tunable light-emitting platform that integrates monolayer MoS2 with a work-function-controllable hafnium nitride (HfN) gate electrode. The favourable band alignment enables efficient charge accumulation and giant trion modulation, yielding a photoluminescence modulation depth of ~24%, five times stronger than that of p+-Si gates, across tunable regions exceeding 5,000 μm2. To amplify the emission, we introduce resonant nanoparticle-on-mirror plasmonic cavities and achieve a 46-fold emission enhancement due to the Purcell effect while preserving the gate-tunable trion control. Finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal strong optical field confinement in the nanoparticle-on-mirror cavity, which facilitates efficient plasmon–trion coupling. Our results demonstrate a room-temperature, CMOS-compatible approach for realizing actively reconfigurable two-dimensional light sources, and they pave the way for on-chip integrated photonics, visible light communication, dynamic display technologies, tunable emission platforms and advanced active control of light–matter interactions in two-dimensional systems.