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<p>Field-deployable integrated photonic devices co-packaged with electronics will enable important applications such as optical interconnects, quantum information processing, precision measurements, spectroscopy and microwave generation. Significant progress has been made over the past two decades on increasing the functional complexity of photonic chips. However, a critical challenge that remains is the lack of scalable techniques to overcome thermal perturbations arising from the environment and co-packaged electronics. Here we demonstrate a fully integrated scheme to monitor and stabilize the temperature of a high-<i>Q</i> microresonator on a Si-based chip, which can serve as a photonic frequency reference. Our approach relies on a thin-film metallic resistor placed directly above the microcavity, acting as an integrated resistance thermometer, enabling unique mapping of the cavity’s absolute resonance wavelength to the thermometer’s electrical resistance. Following a one-time calibration, the microresonator can be accurately and repeatably tuned to any desired absolute resonance wavelength using thermometry alone with a root-mean-squared wavelength error of &lt;0.8 pm over a time span of days. We frequency-lock a distributed feedback laser to the microresonator and demonstrate a 48× reduction in its frequency drift, resulting in its centre wavelength staying within ±0.5 pm of the mean over a duration of 50 h in the presence of substantial ambient fluctuations, outperforming many commercial distributed feedback and wavelength-locker-based laser systems. Finally, we stabilize a soliton mode-locked Kerr comb without the need for photodetection, paving the way for Kerr-comb-based photonic devices that can potentially operate in the desired mode-locked state indefinitely.</p>

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Frequency-stable nanophotonic microcavities via integrated thermometry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Sai Kanth Dacha,
  • Yun Zhao,
  • Karl J. McNulty,
  • Gaurang R. Bhatt,
  • Michal Lipson,
  • Alexander L. Gaeta

摘要

Field-deployable integrated photonic devices co-packaged with electronics will enable important applications such as optical interconnects, quantum information processing, precision measurements, spectroscopy and microwave generation. Significant progress has been made over the past two decades on increasing the functional complexity of photonic chips. However, a critical challenge that remains is the lack of scalable techniques to overcome thermal perturbations arising from the environment and co-packaged electronics. Here we demonstrate a fully integrated scheme to monitor and stabilize the temperature of a high-Q microresonator on a Si-based chip, which can serve as a photonic frequency reference. Our approach relies on a thin-film metallic resistor placed directly above the microcavity, acting as an integrated resistance thermometer, enabling unique mapping of the cavity’s absolute resonance wavelength to the thermometer’s electrical resistance. Following a one-time calibration, the microresonator can be accurately and repeatably tuned to any desired absolute resonance wavelength using thermometry alone with a root-mean-squared wavelength error of <0.8 pm over a time span of days. We frequency-lock a distributed feedback laser to the microresonator and demonstrate a 48× reduction in its frequency drift, resulting in its centre wavelength staying within ±0.5 pm of the mean over a duration of 50 h in the presence of substantial ambient fluctuations, outperforming many commercial distributed feedback and wavelength-locker-based laser systems. Finally, we stabilize a soliton mode-locked Kerr comb without the need for photodetection, paving the way for Kerr-comb-based photonic devices that can potentially operate in the desired mode-locked state indefinitely.