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<p><i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes both non-invasive and invasive disease in humans. Although the <i>H. influenzae</i> type b vaccine can reduce invasive disease, it is not effective against non-b serotypes or unencapsulated non-typeable <i>H. influenzae</i> (NTHi). The genetic population structure of <i>H. influenzae</i>, especially NTHi, which is typically prevalent in lower- and middle-income countries, is unclear. Here we whole-genome sequenced 4,474 isolates of <i>H. influenzae</i> from an unvaccinated paediatric carriage and pneumonia cohort from the Maela camp for displaced persons in northwestern Thailand. Despite no <i>H. influenzae</i> type b immunization, serotype b was uncommon, whereas 92.4% of the isolates were NTHi. Most multidrug-resistant lineages were NTHi, and there were no lineages enriched among disease samples. Incorporating 5,976 published genomes revealed a highly admixed population structure, low core genome nucleotide diversity and evidence of pervasive negative selection. Our findings expand our understanding of this major pathogen in lower- and middle-income countries and at a global scale.</p>

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Genetic population structure of Haemophilus influenzae at local and global scales

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Neil MacAlasdair,
  • Anna K. Pöntinen,
  • Clare Ling,
  • Sudaraka Mallawaarachchi,
  • Janjira Thaipadungpanit,
  • Francois H. Nosten,
  • Claudia Turner,
  • Stephen D. Bentley,
  • Nicholas J. Croucher,
  • Paul Turner,
  • Jukka Corander

摘要

Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes both non-invasive and invasive disease in humans. Although the H. influenzae type b vaccine can reduce invasive disease, it is not effective against non-b serotypes or unencapsulated non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). The genetic population structure of H. influenzae, especially NTHi, which is typically prevalent in lower- and middle-income countries, is unclear. Here we whole-genome sequenced 4,474 isolates of H. influenzae from an unvaccinated paediatric carriage and pneumonia cohort from the Maela camp for displaced persons in northwestern Thailand. Despite no H. influenzae type b immunization, serotype b was uncommon, whereas 92.4% of the isolates were NTHi. Most multidrug-resistant lineages were NTHi, and there were no lineages enriched among disease samples. Incorporating 5,976 published genomes revealed a highly admixed population structure, low core genome nucleotide diversity and evidence of pervasive negative selection. Our findings expand our understanding of this major pathogen in lower- and middle-income countries and at a global scale.