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<p>Malaria transmission begins when <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitos deposit saliva and <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites during a bloodmeal. As <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitos are nocturnal, we investigated whether their salivary glands are under circadian control, anticipating bloodmeals and modulating parasite biology for host encounters. Here we show that approximately half of the mosquito salivary gland transcriptome, particularly genes essential for efficient bloodmeals such as anti-blood clotting factors, exhibits circadian expression. Furthermore, measuring haemoglobin levels, we demonstrate that mosquitos prefer to feed and ingest more blood at nighttime. Notably, we show a substantial subset of the salivary-gland-resident parasite transcriptome cycling throughout the day, indicating that this stage is not transcriptionally quiescent. Among the sporozoite genes undergoing rhythmic expression are those involved in parasite motility, potentially modulating the ability to initiate infection at different times of day. Our findings suggest a circadian tripartite relationship between the vector, parasite and mammalian host that together modulates malaria transmission.</p>

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Parasite and vector circadian clocks mediate efficient malaria transmission

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Inês Bento,
  • Brianna A. Parrington,
  • Rushlenne Pascual,
  • Alexander S. Goldberg,
  • Eileen Wang,
  • Hani Liu,
  • Helene Borrmann,
  • Mira Zelle,
  • Nicholas Coburn,
  • Joseph S. Takahashi,
  • Joshua E. Elias,
  • Maria M. Mota,
  • Filipa Rijo-Ferreira

摘要

Malaria transmission begins when Anopheles mosquitos deposit saliva and Plasmodium parasites during a bloodmeal. As Anopheles mosquitos are nocturnal, we investigated whether their salivary glands are under circadian control, anticipating bloodmeals and modulating parasite biology for host encounters. Here we show that approximately half of the mosquito salivary gland transcriptome, particularly genes essential for efficient bloodmeals such as anti-blood clotting factors, exhibits circadian expression. Furthermore, measuring haemoglobin levels, we demonstrate that mosquitos prefer to feed and ingest more blood at nighttime. Notably, we show a substantial subset of the salivary-gland-resident parasite transcriptome cycling throughout the day, indicating that this stage is not transcriptionally quiescent. Among the sporozoite genes undergoing rhythmic expression are those involved in parasite motility, potentially modulating the ability to initiate infection at different times of day. Our findings suggest a circadian tripartite relationship between the vector, parasite and mammalian host that together modulates malaria transmission.