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<p>As plant-based diets gain traction, interest in their impacts on the gut microbiome is growing. However, little is known about diet-pattern-specific metagenomic profiles across populations. Here we considered 21,561 individuals spanning 5 independent, multinational, human cohorts to map how differences in diet pattern (omnivore, vegetarian and vegan) are reflected in gut microbiomes. Microbial profiles distinguished these common diet patterns well (mean AUC = 0.85). Red meat was a strong driver of omnivore microbiomes, with corresponding signature microbes (for example, <i>Ruminococcus torques</i>, <i>Bilophila wadsworthia</i> and <i>Alistipes putredinis</i>) negatively correlated with host cardiometabolic health. Conversely, vegan signature microbes were correlated with favourable cardiometabolic markers and were enriched in omnivores consuming more plant-based foods. Diet-specific gut microbes partially overlapped with food microbiomes, especially with dairy microbes, for example, <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>, and typical soil microbes in vegans. The signatures of common western diet patterns can support future nutritional interventions and epidemiology.</p>

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Gut microbiome signatures of vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets and associated health outcomes across 21,561 individuals

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月6日

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  • Gloria Fackelmann,
  • Paolo Manghi,
  • Niccolò Carlino,
  • Vitor Heidrich,
  • Gianmarco Piccinno,
  • Liviana Ricci,
  • Elisa Piperni,
  • Alberto Arrè,
  • Elco Bakker,
  • Alice C. Creedon,
  • Lucy Francis,
  • Joan Capdevila Pujol,
  • Richard Davies,
  • Jonathan Wolf,
  • Kate M. Bermingham,
  • Sarah E. Berry,
  • Tim D. Spector,
  • Francesco Asnicar,
  • Nicola Segata

摘要

As plant-based diets gain traction, interest in their impacts on the gut microbiome is growing. However, little is known about diet-pattern-specific metagenomic profiles across populations. Here we considered 21,561 individuals spanning 5 independent, multinational, human cohorts to map how differences in diet pattern (omnivore, vegetarian and vegan) are reflected in gut microbiomes. Microbial profiles distinguished these common diet patterns well (mean AUC = 0.85). Red meat was a strong driver of omnivore microbiomes, with corresponding signature microbes (for example, Ruminococcus torques, Bilophila wadsworthia and Alistipes putredinis) negatively correlated with host cardiometabolic health. Conversely, vegan signature microbes were correlated with favourable cardiometabolic markers and were enriched in omnivores consuming more plant-based foods. Diet-specific gut microbes partially overlapped with food microbiomes, especially with dairy microbes, for example, Streptococcus thermophilus, and typical soil microbes in vegans. The signatures of common western diet patterns can support future nutritional interventions and epidemiology.