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<p>Environmentally benign and earth-abundant kesterite Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> (CZTSSe) solar cells have advanced rapidly through solution-based processing. However, scaling from laboratory-scale devices to modules remains a major challenge, largely because complex coordination networks in the precursors hinder the formation of uniform large-area films. Here we show that molecular-level regulation of metal–organic coordination can suppress the formation of cross-linked networks in precursor solutions, promoting efficient solvent removal and uniform selenization and crystallization. This coordination-controlled strategy enables the blade coating of highly homogeneous films over 10 cm<sup>2</sup>, realizing certified efficiencies of 14.2% for 1 cm<sup>2</sup> cells and 13.0% for 10.5 cm<sup>2</sup> modules, representing a leap-forward improvement in scalable kesterite photovoltaics. Beyond performance, the provided molecular insights into kesterite solution chemistry facilitate establishing a scalable and low-cost route towards industrial deployment of this thin-film solar technology.</p>

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Molecular coordination achieves uniform kesterite absorber film for efficient solar modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Bowen Zhang,
  • Menghan Jiao,
  • Xiao Xu,
  • Jiazheng Zhou,
  • Jinlin Wang,
  • Tan Guo,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Jingchen Wang,
  • Shudan Chen,
  • Yiming Li,
  • Jiangjian Shi,
  • Huijue Wu,
  • Yanhong Luo,
  • Dongmei Li,
  • Qingbo Meng

摘要

Environmentally benign and earth-abundant kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells have advanced rapidly through solution-based processing. However, scaling from laboratory-scale devices to modules remains a major challenge, largely because complex coordination networks in the precursors hinder the formation of uniform large-area films. Here we show that molecular-level regulation of metal–organic coordination can suppress the formation of cross-linked networks in precursor solutions, promoting efficient solvent removal and uniform selenization and crystallization. This coordination-controlled strategy enables the blade coating of highly homogeneous films over 10 cm2, realizing certified efficiencies of 14.2% for 1 cm2 cells and 13.0% for 10.5 cm2 modules, representing a leap-forward improvement in scalable kesterite photovoltaics. Beyond performance, the provided molecular insights into kesterite solution chemistry facilitate establishing a scalable and low-cost route towards industrial deployment of this thin-film solar technology.