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<p>Conventional vanadium chemistries have been hindered by limited capacity inherent to the ion-insertion mechanism and modest redox potentials in near-neutral media, constraining their suitability for high-energy aqueous batteries. Here we demonstrate a conversion-type vanadium redox that delivers concomitant superiority in capacity and potential for aqueous batteries. OH<sup>−</sup>-mediated chemical activation promotes V–O bond cleavage, thereby driving a transition from the single-electron insertion reaction to the four-electron conversion reaction. As confirmed by in situ synchrotron characterizations, a tailored mesoporous architecture enriches local OH<sup>−</sup>, facilitating the reversible conversion between V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>3</sub>VO<sub>4</sub>. The conversion anode delivers a high specific capacity of 700 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with 98% vanadium utilization, a low redox potential of −0.95 V versus standard hydrogen electrode and reversible cycling over 3,000 cycles. An alkaline Ni–V battery is fabricated, with a projected whole-battery-level energy density of up to 110 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>. This work paves the way to tuning the reaction pathway and offers insights into multielectron redox design for next-generation aqueous batteries.</p>

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Switching from insertion to conversion for multielectron aqueous vanadium batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Hongrun Jin,
  • Wanhai Zhou,
  • Jinchi Li,
  • Xinran Li,
  • Zefang Yang,
  • Chongran Wang,
  • Yanyan Zhang,
  • Ningyu Wu,
  • Yutong Feng,
  • Gaoyang Li,
  • Zhihao Sun,
  • Xiaoyu Yu,
  • Junwei Zhang,
  • Zhuo Yang,
  • Tengsheng Zhang,
  • Shixiang Ding,
  • Xinxin Song,
  • Lin Liu,
  • Yifeng Wang,
  • Chao Ye,
  • Laiquan Li,
  • Wei Li,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Dongyuan Zhao,
  • Hong Jin Fan,
  • Dongliang Chao

摘要

Conventional vanadium chemistries have been hindered by limited capacity inherent to the ion-insertion mechanism and modest redox potentials in near-neutral media, constraining their suitability for high-energy aqueous batteries. Here we demonstrate a conversion-type vanadium redox that delivers concomitant superiority in capacity and potential for aqueous batteries. OH−-mediated chemical activation promotes V–O bond cleavage, thereby driving a transition from the single-electron insertion reaction to the four-electron conversion reaction. As confirmed by in situ synchrotron characterizations, a tailored mesoporous architecture enriches local OH−, facilitating the reversible conversion between V2O3 and Na3VO4. The conversion anode delivers a high specific capacity of 700 mAh g−1 with 98% vanadium utilization, a low redox potential of −0.95 V versus standard hydrogen electrode and reversible cycling over 3,000 cycles. An alkaline Ni–V battery is fabricated, with a projected whole-battery-level energy density of up to 110 Wh kg−1. This work paves the way to tuning the reaction pathway and offers insights into multielectron redox design for next-generation aqueous batteries.