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<p>Diamond possesses a suite of extraordinary properties, including unparalleled hardness, excellent thermal conductivity, a wide bandgap and optical transparency. These features render it essential for a broad spectrum of scientific and industrial applications. However, the inherent brittleness and limited toughness of diamond have posed substantial barriers to broader technological integration. Recent advances have demonstrated that engineered structural configurations—including nanotwinned diamond architectures, hierarchically structured nanotwinned diamond composites, graphite–diamond hybrids, diamond–graphene composites and amorphous diamond phases—can overcome these conventional limitations, exhibiting superior mechanical and physical properties. This Review examines the latest developments in diamond and its derivative materials, focusing on microstructural design strategies, phase transition mechanisms, opportunities to enhance properties and emergent phenomena. We also outline promising research directions and potential applications for diamond-based materials, advancing the frontiers of diamond-based technologies.</p>

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Microstructure engineering in diamond-based materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月2日

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  • Anmin Nie,
  • Zhisheng Zhao,
  • Bo Xu,
  • Yongjun Tian

摘要

Diamond possesses a suite of extraordinary properties, including unparalleled hardness, excellent thermal conductivity, a wide bandgap and optical transparency. These features render it essential for a broad spectrum of scientific and industrial applications. However, the inherent brittleness and limited toughness of diamond have posed substantial barriers to broader technological integration. Recent advances have demonstrated that engineered structural configurations—including nanotwinned diamond architectures, hierarchically structured nanotwinned diamond composites, graphite–diamond hybrids, diamond–graphene composites and amorphous diamond phases—can overcome these conventional limitations, exhibiting superior mechanical and physical properties. This Review examines the latest developments in diamond and its derivative materials, focusing on microstructural design strategies, phase transition mechanisms, opportunities to enhance properties and emergent phenomena. We also outline promising research directions and potential applications for diamond-based materials, advancing the frontiers of diamond-based technologies.