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<p>Animal domestication and development of pastoralism in southwest Asia revolutionized human subsistence strategies. Various centres of ruminant domestication and diffusion routes of agropastoralism have been identified. The area between the northern and central Zagros Mountains on the Iranian Plateau is a cradle for goat domestication and eastward spread of agropastoralism. However, the early exploitation of ruminant milk by pastoral communities in the Zagros remains insufficiently studied. Here we show residues of caprine dairy products that were detected from the analysis of lipid residues in pottery vessels and protein residues in human dental calculus. These results, combined with the faunal spectra and radiocarbon analyses directly on the dairy residues, show that sheep and goat dairy products were widely exploited in the Zagros from the seventh millennium <span>BC</span>. This pattern parallels the contemporaneous exploitation of cattle milk in Anatolia. Neolithic communities in both regions reveal similarly complex dynamics of early ruminant milk use, marking the emergence of independent yet synchronous trajectories in the diffusion of agropastoral lifeways.</p>

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Caprine dairy exploitation on the Iranian Plateau from the seventh millennium BC

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Emmanuelle Casanova,
  • Hossein Davoudi,
  • Antoine Zazzo,
  • Séverine Zirah,
  • Jérémy Jacob,
  • Christine Hatté,
  • Audrey Boco-Simon,
  • François Thil,
  • Caroline Gauthier,
  • Jebrael Nokandeh,
  • Abbas Alizadeh,
  • Fereidoun Biglari,
  • Reinhard Bernbeck,
  • Susan Pollock,
  • Akira Tsuneki,
  • Omolbanin Ghafoori,
  • Homa Fathi,
  • Frank Hole,
  • Emmanuelle Demey-Thomas,
  • Joëlle Vinh,
  • Marjan Mashkour

摘要

Animal domestication and development of pastoralism in southwest Asia revolutionized human subsistence strategies. Various centres of ruminant domestication and diffusion routes of agropastoralism have been identified. The area between the northern and central Zagros Mountains on the Iranian Plateau is a cradle for goat domestication and eastward spread of agropastoralism. However, the early exploitation of ruminant milk by pastoral communities in the Zagros remains insufficiently studied. Here we show residues of caprine dairy products that were detected from the analysis of lipid residues in pottery vessels and protein residues in human dental calculus. These results, combined with the faunal spectra and radiocarbon analyses directly on the dairy residues, show that sheep and goat dairy products were widely exploited in the Zagros from the seventh millennium BC. This pattern parallels the contemporaneous exploitation of cattle milk in Anatolia. Neolithic communities in both regions reveal similarly complex dynamics of early ruminant milk use, marking the emergence of independent yet synchronous trajectories in the diffusion of agropastoral lifeways.