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<p>Large igneous provinces (LIPs) in the Pacific Ocean were predominantly emplaced during the Early Cretaceous, which has been suggested to result from either return flow due to increased slab flux, a superplume or plume–ridge interaction. Here we present palaeogeographically constrained mantle flow modelling that links subduction, plume activity and ridge evolution to investigate how the interplay between these processes controls radial heat advection and LIP eruption. Our models show relatively stable hot upwellings in the central Pacific between ~165 and 80 Ma, rooted above lower-mantle hot structures, with peak upwelling intensity around 130–125 Ma driven by enhanced slab flux acting on inherited deep thermal structure. Migrating spreading ridges intersected these upwellings at ~145–120 Ma and slowed down temporarily when radial heat advection was large, resulting in intense LIP eruptions. The subsequent decline in LIP activity is attributed to a combination of reduced upwelling strength and rapid ridge migration away from the central Pacific. Our results highlight that radial heat advection intensity is jointly controlled by slab flux and inherited mantle structure, while the interaction of migrating ridges with upwellings is critical to trigger mantle melting and LIP eruption.</p>

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Vigorous mantle convection triggered the Cretaceous Pacific large igneous provinces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Dingshan Deng,
  • Sanzhong Li,
  • Xianzhi Cao,
  • Nicolas Flament,
  • Yanhui Suo,
  • Liming Dai,
  • Heda Wang,
  • Qiuling Liu,
  • Liangliang Wang

摘要

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) in the Pacific Ocean were predominantly emplaced during the Early Cretaceous, which has been suggested to result from either return flow due to increased slab flux, a superplume or plume–ridge interaction. Here we present palaeogeographically constrained mantle flow modelling that links subduction, plume activity and ridge evolution to investigate how the interplay between these processes controls radial heat advection and LIP eruption. Our models show relatively stable hot upwellings in the central Pacific between ~165 and 80 Ma, rooted above lower-mantle hot structures, with peak upwelling intensity around 130–125 Ma driven by enhanced slab flux acting on inherited deep thermal structure. Migrating spreading ridges intersected these upwellings at ~145–120 Ma and slowed down temporarily when radial heat advection was large, resulting in intense LIP eruptions. The subsequent decline in LIP activity is attributed to a combination of reduced upwelling strength and rapid ridge migration away from the central Pacific. Our results highlight that radial heat advection intensity is jointly controlled by slab flux and inherited mantle structure, while the interaction of migrating ridges with upwellings is critical to trigger mantle melting and LIP eruption.