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<p>Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells offer a promising pathway to surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction photovoltaics. However, their performance, stability and scalability are constrained by the recombination layer, which needs to simultaneously enable efficient charge recombination, high optical transparency and robust interfacial chemistry. Existing indium-containing transparent conductive oxides raise concerns regarding cost and sustainability, whereas silicon-based tunnel junctions suffer from parasitic optical losses. Here we show that titanium oxynitride (TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>y</i></sub>) can serve as a multifunctional, indium-free recombination layer that reconciles these competing requirements. Conductive TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>y</i></sub> enables efficient vertical carrier recombination, suppresses lateral leakage and provides anchoring sites for self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) via a tridentate binding configuration. As a result, we achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 33.3% for 1.0-cm<sup>2</sup> devices and 30.6% for industrial-size (207.87 cm<sup>2</sup>) tandems, with enhanced operational stability. Our results establish TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>y</i></sub> as a scalable and sustainable interconnection strategy for tandem photovoltaics.</p>

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High-performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells enabled by multifunctional titanium oxynitride recombination layers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Fengxian Cao,
  • Yao Li,
  • Shibo Wang,
  • Kin Long Wong,
  • Cao Yu,
  • Xinya Niu,
  • Bo Gao,
  • Wenhao Li,
  • Jianwei Yu,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Yiliang Wu,
  • Jun Zhu,
  • Wei Shi,
  • Kun Gao,
  • Liu Yang,
  • Bowen Yang,
  • Wenzhen An,
  • Shifeng Deng,
  • Lei Shi,
  • Shaofei Yang,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Hanlin Hu,
  • Ruy Sebastian Bonilla,
  • Jian Zhou,
  • Jun Yin,
  • Xiaohong Zhang,
  • Xinbo Yang

摘要

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells offer a promising pathway to surpass the efficiency limits of single-junction photovoltaics. However, their performance, stability and scalability are constrained by the recombination layer, which needs to simultaneously enable efficient charge recombination, high optical transparency and robust interfacial chemistry. Existing indium-containing transparent conductive oxides raise concerns regarding cost and sustainability, whereas silicon-based tunnel junctions suffer from parasitic optical losses. Here we show that titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy) can serve as a multifunctional, indium-free recombination layer that reconciles these competing requirements. Conductive TiOxNy enables efficient vertical carrier recombination, suppresses lateral leakage and provides anchoring sites for self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) via a tridentate binding configuration. As a result, we achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 33.3% for 1.0-cm2 devices and 30.6% for industrial-size (207.87 cm2) tandems, with enhanced operational stability. Our results establish TiOxNy as a scalable and sustainable interconnection strategy for tandem photovoltaics.