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<p>Flexible perovskite solar cells hold promises for lightweight photovoltaics, yet their performance, durability and scalability lag behind rigid counterparts. Conventional efficiency-enhancing strategies, such as grain enlargement or lead iodide passivation, often degrade mechanical robustness. Here we combine data-driven machine learning with a passivation approach to overcome this trade-off. We design β-cyclodextrin derivatives that form in situ self-assembled amorphous grain boundaries, enhancing optoelectronic properties and mechanical resilience through coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions. We achieve flexible solar cells with an efficiency of 24.52% and enhanced durability: 92.5% efficiency retention after 10,000 bending cycles, 95% after 300 days in ambient air and 80% under 650 h of maximum power point tracking. We demonstrate modules with certified efficiencies of 21.09% (aperture area: 21.07 cm<sup>2</sup>) and 17.38% (aperture area: 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>, 86.9 W). Larger-area module (aperture area: 1.4725 m<sup>2</sup>) delivers 226 W power output and power per weight of 558 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. Our work addresses critical barriers in flexible perovskite photovoltaics.</p>

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Amorphous grain boundary engineering for scalable flexible perovskite photovoltaics with improved stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Mingzhu He,
  • Yujiao Ma,
  • Shaohang Wu,
  • Huilin Tan,
  • Dong Wenlong,
  • Liang Liu,
  • Haoyang Zhang,
  • Zexing Zhuang,
  • Yin Gao,
  • Yifan Jiao,
  • Hongliang Liu,
  • Maoyuan Wu,
  • Yanyan Gao,
  • Cuiling Zhang,
  • Chong Liu,
  • Liyuan Han,
  • Jiandong Fan,
  • Yaohua Mai

摘要

Flexible perovskite solar cells hold promises for lightweight photovoltaics, yet their performance, durability and scalability lag behind rigid counterparts. Conventional efficiency-enhancing strategies, such as grain enlargement or lead iodide passivation, often degrade mechanical robustness. Here we combine data-driven machine learning with a passivation approach to overcome this trade-off. We design β-cyclodextrin derivatives that form in situ self-assembled amorphous grain boundaries, enhancing optoelectronic properties and mechanical resilience through coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds and host–guest interactions. We achieve flexible solar cells with an efficiency of 24.52% and enhanced durability: 92.5% efficiency retention after 10,000 bending cycles, 95% after 300 days in ambient air and 80% under 650 h of maximum power point tracking. We demonstrate modules with certified efficiencies of 21.09% (aperture area: 21.07 cm2) and 17.38% (aperture area: 0.5 m2, 86.9 W). Larger-area module (aperture area: 1.4725 m2) delivers 226 W power output and power per weight of 558 W kg−1. Our work addresses critical barriers in flexible perovskite photovoltaics.