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<p>Solar photovoltaics (PV) is entering a new era of multi-terawatt deployment, with 2 TW already in service and more than 75 TW predicted in many scenarios by 2050. This next era has been enabled by over five decades of cumulative advances in PV module cost reduction, performance and reliability. The current scale of deployment also introduces new needs, opportunities and challenges. In this Perspective we frame a path forwards based on learning, broadly defined as a combination of expansion of knowledge and advances through research and development, experience and collaboration. We discuss historical topics where learning has driven PV deployment until now, and emerging areas that are required to sustain high levels of future deployment. We expect progress to continue in terms of module price, performance and reliability, driven by advances in PV cell and module design, the emergence of tandem devices and increased focus on extending module lifetimes. Large-scale deployment also means large-scale sustainability and responsibility. We therefore posit that additional metrics, such as the impact on global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, resource consumption and design for reuse and recycling, will become increasingly important to the PV industry and provide opportunities for further learning.</p>

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Historical and future learning for the new era of multi-terawatt photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Kirstin Alberi,
  • I. Marius Peters,
  • Pierre Verlinden,
  • Simon Philipps,
  • Akio Koike,
  • Teresa Barnes,
  • Joe Berry,
  • Mariana Bertoni,
  • Christian Breyer,
  • Laurie Burnham,
  • Chris Case,
  • Yifeng Chen,
  • Stefaan De Wolf,
  • Renate Egan,
  • Armin Froitzheim,
  • Sebastian Gatz,
  • Markus Gloeckler,
  • Jan Christoph Goldschmidt,
  • Ivan Gordon,
  • Nancy M. Haegel,
  • Martin Hermle,
  • Christiana Honsberg,
  • Edward Hsi,
  • Bill Huber,
  • Shogo Ishizuka,
  • Arnulf Jäger-Waldau,
  • Joel Jean,
  • Jessica Yajie Jiang,
  • Shannon Jurca,
  • Izumi Kaizuka,
  • Richard R. King,
  • Keiichi Komoto,
  • Michio Kondo,
  • Milind Kulkarni,
  • Sarah Kurtz,
  • Daniel Macdonald,
  • Danielle Merfeld,
  • Naoya Kobayashi,
  • Shigeru Niki,
  • Andreas Obst,
  • Takashi Oozeki,
  • Ulrich W. Paetzold,
  • Jonathan Pickering,
  • Ralf Preu,
  • Samantha B. Reese,
  • Christian Reichel,
  • Thomas Reindl,
  • Ingrid Repins,
  • Geoffrey Ronoh,
  • Doug Rose,
  • Keiichiro Sakurai,
  • Rutger Schlatmann,
  • Abdelilah Slaoui,
  • Ron Sinton,
  • Kamal Soni,
  • Billy J. Stanbery,
  • Davor Sutija,
  • Marko Topič,
  • Yuzuru Ueda,
  • Juzer Vasi,
  • Karsten Wambach,
  • Emily Warren,
  • Eicke Weber,
  • Masafumi Yamaguchi,
  • Andreas W. Bett

摘要

Solar photovoltaics (PV) is entering a new era of multi-terawatt deployment, with 2 TW already in service and more than 75 TW predicted in many scenarios by 2050. This next era has been enabled by over five decades of cumulative advances in PV module cost reduction, performance and reliability. The current scale of deployment also introduces new needs, opportunities and challenges. In this Perspective we frame a path forwards based on learning, broadly defined as a combination of expansion of knowledge and advances through research and development, experience and collaboration. We discuss historical topics where learning has driven PV deployment until now, and emerging areas that are required to sustain high levels of future deployment. We expect progress to continue in terms of module price, performance and reliability, driven by advances in PV cell and module design, the emergence of tandem devices and increased focus on extending module lifetimes. Large-scale deployment also means large-scale sustainability and responsibility. We therefore posit that additional metrics, such as the impact on global CO2 emissions, resource consumption and design for reuse and recycling, will become increasingly important to the PV industry and provide opportunities for further learning.