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<p>Achieving operational stability in halide perovskite solar cells remains a critical challenge for commercialization. Ionic liquids are promising bulk modifiers, yet their mechanistic role in perovskite crystallization is poorly understood. Here we engineered an ionic liquid, methoxyethoxymethyl-1-methylimidazole chloride (MEM-MIM-Cl), with an ethylene glycol ether side chain that regulates perovskite growth and stabilizes buried interfaces via synergistic interactions with NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>. MEM-MIM-Cl induces a novel intermediate phase through chelation with undercoordinated Pb(II), suppressing defects and defect-induced degradation. Solar cells incorporating MEM-MIM-Cl achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.9% and retained 90% of their initial performance after 1,500 h under continuous 1-sun illumination and 90 °C thermal stress—surpassing prior benchmarks under milder ageing conditions. Furthermore, diurnal cyclic ageing revealed unprecedented fatigue resistance, highlighting the dual role of MEM-MIM-Cl in simultaneously enhancing efficiency and operational resilience. This work elucidates design principles for functional ionic liquids while advancing perovskite photovoltaics towards industrial viability.</p>

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Ionic liquids improve the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Wenzhan Xu,
  • Wenhao Shao,
  • Yuanhao Tang,
  • Chenjian Lin,
  • Hanjun Yang,
  • Yu-Ting Yang,
  • Jeong Hui Kim,
  • Gangsan Lee,
  • Prashant Kumar,
  • Kevin R. Pedersen,
  • Aidan H. Coffey,
  • Steven P. Harvey,
  • Kenneth R. Graham,
  • Chenhui Zhu,
  • Kai Zhu,
  • Letian Dou

摘要

Achieving operational stability in halide perovskite solar cells remains a critical challenge for commercialization. Ionic liquids are promising bulk modifiers, yet their mechanistic role in perovskite crystallization is poorly understood. Here we engineered an ionic liquid, methoxyethoxymethyl-1-methylimidazole chloride (MEM-MIM-Cl), with an ethylene glycol ether side chain that regulates perovskite growth and stabilizes buried interfaces via synergistic interactions with NiOx. MEM-MIM-Cl induces a novel intermediate phase through chelation with undercoordinated Pb(II), suppressing defects and defect-induced degradation. Solar cells incorporating MEM-MIM-Cl achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.9% and retained 90% of their initial performance after 1,500 h under continuous 1-sun illumination and 90 °C thermal stress—surpassing prior benchmarks under milder ageing conditions. Furthermore, diurnal cyclic ageing revealed unprecedented fatigue resistance, highlighting the dual role of MEM-MIM-Cl in simultaneously enhancing efficiency and operational resilience. This work elucidates design principles for functional ionic liquids while advancing perovskite photovoltaics towards industrial viability.