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<p>Solar cells based on kesterite materials, Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> (CZTSSe), offer a non-toxic, Earth-abundant solution for energy generation. However, they have historically struggled to achieve power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of other thin-film photovoltaic technologies. Here we highlight the critical role of the synthesis and formation pathway of these multinary semiconductors, discussing the challenges associated with kesterite layer fabrication and their impact on device performance. In particular, we discuss how the design of molecular inks in kesterite synthesis is key to overcoming these limitations, unveiling the connections between precursor chemistry, synthesis pathways and the formation of point and extended defects. We discuss how precise control over these factors has enabled kesterite solar cells to exceed 15% efficiency. Building on these advances, we propose strategies to further improve device performance. Finally, the insights presented here provide a framework for the exploration and development of other multinary semiconductor materials.</p>

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Formation pathway of high-efficiency kesterite solar cells fabricated through molecular ink chemistry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Alex Jimenez-Arguijo,
  • Yuancai Gong,
  • Ivan Caño,
  • Outman El Khouja,
  • Jianjun Li,
  • Kaiwen Sun,
  • Zacharie Jehl Li-Kao,
  • Sergio Giraldo,
  • Hao Xin,
  • Alejandro Perez-Rodriguez,
  • Xiaojing Hao,
  • Edgardo Saucedo

摘要

Solar cells based on kesterite materials, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe), offer a non-toxic, Earth-abundant solution for energy generation. However, they have historically struggled to achieve power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of other thin-film photovoltaic technologies. Here we highlight the critical role of the synthesis and formation pathway of these multinary semiconductors, discussing the challenges associated with kesterite layer fabrication and their impact on device performance. In particular, we discuss how the design of molecular inks in kesterite synthesis is key to overcoming these limitations, unveiling the connections between precursor chemistry, synthesis pathways and the formation of point and extended defects. We discuss how precise control over these factors has enabled kesterite solar cells to exceed 15% efficiency. Building on these advances, we propose strategies to further improve device performance. Finally, the insights presented here provide a framework for the exploration and development of other multinary semiconductor materials.