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<p>Lithium cation dopants enhance hole-transport efficiency and optimize interfacial charge extraction in the hole-transporting layers of perovskite solar cells. Although the migration of lithium cations is known to induce phase transition from α-phase to δ-phase in perovskites, reports of long-term device stability present apparent contradictions. Here we show that, under dark/light alternating conditions, lithium migration induces a rapid degradation of the α-phase perovskite. This degradation is not observed under continuous light-only or dark-only conditions commonly used within the field to test the devices. To address the instability under dark/light cycling, we replace the lithium dopant with a methylammonium dopant. Importantly, we show no unreacted methylammonium dopant in the hole-transport layer film different to the lithium dopant, hinting at a better device stability. We achieve an efficiency of 26.1% (25.6% certified) and <i>T</i><sub>95</sub> lifetimes (that is, time for the device efficiency to decay to 95% of its initial value) of over 1,200 h of continuous light–dark cycling (ISOS-LC-1 certified) and 3,000 voltage-on/off cycles, conditions that are relevant to real-world operation.</p>

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Impact of lithium dopants in hole-transporting layers on perovskite solar cell stability under day–night cycling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Jinzheng Zhao,
  • Jiupeng Cao,
  • Jingjin Dong,
  • Zihao Li,
  • Ying Chu,
  • Aifei Wang,
  • Fangfang Wang,
  • Bingxu Liu,
  • Rui Xu,
  • Jingyu Zhang,
  • Bocong Zhang,
  • Xiaopeng Hu,
  • Wenjian Yan,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Shaohua Chen,
  • Laiyuan Wang,
  • Gaojie Chen,
  • Wei Huang,
  • Tianshi Qin

摘要

Lithium cation dopants enhance hole-transport efficiency and optimize interfacial charge extraction in the hole-transporting layers of perovskite solar cells. Although the migration of lithium cations is known to induce phase transition from α-phase to δ-phase in perovskites, reports of long-term device stability present apparent contradictions. Here we show that, under dark/light alternating conditions, lithium migration induces a rapid degradation of the α-phase perovskite. This degradation is not observed under continuous light-only or dark-only conditions commonly used within the field to test the devices. To address the instability under dark/light cycling, we replace the lithium dopant with a methylammonium dopant. Importantly, we show no unreacted methylammonium dopant in the hole-transport layer film different to the lithium dopant, hinting at a better device stability. We achieve an efficiency of 26.1% (25.6% certified) and T95 lifetimes (that is, time for the device efficiency to decay to 95% of its initial value) of over 1,200 h of continuous light–dark cycling (ISOS-LC-1 certified) and 3,000 voltage-on/off cycles, conditions that are relevant to real-world operation.