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<p>Climate change is intensifying global energy demands and amplifying exposure to extreme heat. Building façade-integrated photovoltaics (FIPV) present a largely untapped opportunity to supply renewable electricity while enhancing urban climate resilience. Here we show that deployable FIPV systems worldwide could generate 732.5 ± 4.5 TWh of electricity annually, based on a global synthesis of building datasets, climate projections and façade-scale simulations, with theoretical bounds of 8.9–7,671.3 TWh under conservative-to-optimistic assumptions. Although FIPV deployment costs exceed those of conventional photovoltaics, over 80% of urban districts exhibit lifetime expenditure savings due to combined electricity generation and cooling-load reductions. Under a gradual S-curve adoption reaching upper-bound potential by 2050, FIPV could deliver cumulative emission reductions of up to 37.7 GtCO<sub>2</sub>, corresponding to 0.0519 ± 0.0111 °C of avoided warming under currently announced national policies. These results identify FIPV as a complementary mitigation–adaptation strategy, highlighting the need for targeted policies to address regional and economic disparities in climate-resilient urban transition.</p>

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Building façade photovoltaics enhance global climate resilience

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Hou Jiang,
  • Ling Yao,
  • Jun Qin,
  • Wenli Zhao,
  • Tang Liu,
  • Rui Zhu,
  • Fangyu Ding,
  • Jia Wang,
  • Xingxing Zhang,
  • Fan Zhang,
  • Ning Lu,
  • Fenzhen Su,
  • Chenghu Zhou

摘要

Climate change is intensifying global energy demands and amplifying exposure to extreme heat. Building façade-integrated photovoltaics (FIPV) present a largely untapped opportunity to supply renewable electricity while enhancing urban climate resilience. Here we show that deployable FIPV systems worldwide could generate 732.5 ± 4.5 TWh of electricity annually, based on a global synthesis of building datasets, climate projections and façade-scale simulations, with theoretical bounds of 8.9–7,671.3 TWh under conservative-to-optimistic assumptions. Although FIPV deployment costs exceed those of conventional photovoltaics, over 80% of urban districts exhibit lifetime expenditure savings due to combined electricity generation and cooling-load reductions. Under a gradual S-curve adoption reaching upper-bound potential by 2050, FIPV could deliver cumulative emission reductions of up to 37.7 GtCO2, corresponding to 0.0519 ± 0.0111 °C of avoided warming under currently announced national policies. These results identify FIPV as a complementary mitigation–adaptation strategy, highlighting the need for targeted policies to address regional and economic disparities in climate-resilient urban transition.