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<p>Magnesium–oxygen (Mg–O<sub>2</sub>) batteries are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high specific energy, low cost and intrinsic safety. However, poor rechargeability remains a critical barrier, largely due to the lack of suitable electrolytes and undesired irreversible cathode reactions. Here we report a rechargeable non-aqueous Mg–O<sub>2</sub> battery enabled by a tailored electrolyte featuring a cage-like Mg<sup>2+</sup> solvation environment. We find that varying ether solvent chain lengths, alongside a tridentate chelating agent, can act coordinately to form a dynamic solvation microreactor. This solvation environment is consistent with the reversible formation of nanocrystalline magnesium peroxide at the cathode and remains compatible with reversible magnesium plating/stripping. The resulting Mg–O<sub>2</sub> batteries achieve a high initial discharge voltage approaching 2.0 V, an ultralow overpotential of 0.35 V, a remarkable round-trip energy efficiency of 80% and over 450 stable cycles. These results highlight a solvation-structure-guided strategy for enabling rechargeable Mg–O<sub>2</sub> batteries and potentially other multivalent metal–air systems.</p><p></p>

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A rechargeable non-aqueous Mg–O2 battery based on magnesium peroxide chemistry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Nan Wang,
  • Chunyu Cui,
  • Runjing Xu,
  • Xiaofang Wang,
  • Chaoxin Wu,
  • Qihao Pu,
  • Wentao Wang,
  • Yongjie Cao,
  • Mochou Liao,
  • Fengmei Wang,
  • Yonggang Wang,
  • Yuhui Chen,
  • Xiao Ji,
  • Yongyao Xia,
  • Fei Wang

摘要

Magnesium–oxygen (Mg–O2) batteries are considered promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high specific energy, low cost and intrinsic safety. However, poor rechargeability remains a critical barrier, largely due to the lack of suitable electrolytes and undesired irreversible cathode reactions. Here we report a rechargeable non-aqueous Mg–O2 battery enabled by a tailored electrolyte featuring a cage-like Mg2+ solvation environment. We find that varying ether solvent chain lengths, alongside a tridentate chelating agent, can act coordinately to form a dynamic solvation microreactor. This solvation environment is consistent with the reversible formation of nanocrystalline magnesium peroxide at the cathode and remains compatible with reversible magnesium plating/stripping. The resulting Mg–O2 batteries achieve a high initial discharge voltage approaching 2.0 V, an ultralow overpotential of 0.35 V, a remarkable round-trip energy efficiency of 80% and over 450 stable cycles. These results highlight a solvation-structure-guided strategy for enabling rechargeable Mg–O2 batteries and potentially other multivalent metal–air systems.