<p>Metal–halide complexes serve as key emissive centres in halide perovskites; however, precise control over their spatial organization through bottom-up assembly is challenging. Here we show that a crown-ether-assisted supramolecular assembly strategy can alternatingly connect metal–halide complexes and (crown ether@A)<sup>2+</sup> (where ‘A’ is an alkaline earth metal cation) complexes into a one-dimensional molecular wire, which can then be packed into a hexagonal crystal structure. This process resulted in the creation of an (18C6@Ba)MnBr<sub>4</sub> single crystal with green emission, achieving over 80% photoluminescence quantum yield and a narrow full width at half maximum. In addition, the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure gave rise to strong nonlinear optical responses, including second-harmonic generation. This versatile supramolecular assembly approach could be generalized to create various [M(I)X<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup>, [M(I)X<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>, [M(II)X<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> and [M(III)X<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> molecular wires, broadening the potential for diverse emission colours and distinct optical properties. This strategy provides a general design principle for constructing supramolecular metal–halide building blocks with diverse optical functionalities.</p><p></p>

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Supramolecular assembly of molecular wires alternating crown ethers and metal–halide complexes

  • Heqing Zhu,
  • Cheng Zhu,
  • Han K. D. Le,
  • Daniel Chabeda,
  • Bernard Field,
  • Chuxi Wen,
  • Alexander M. Oddo,
  • Yuxin Jiang,
  • Lihini Jayasinghe,
  • Yu Shan,
  • Lior Verbitsky,
  • Harishankar Jayakumar,
  • Sinéad M. Griffin,
  • Eran Rabani,
  • Peidong Yang

摘要

Metal–halide complexes serve as key emissive centres in halide perovskites; however, precise control over their spatial organization through bottom-up assembly is challenging. Here we show that a crown-ether-assisted supramolecular assembly strategy can alternatingly connect metal–halide complexes and (crown ether@A)2+ (where ‘A’ is an alkaline earth metal cation) complexes into a one-dimensional molecular wire, which can then be packed into a hexagonal crystal structure. This process resulted in the creation of an (18C6@Ba)MnBr4 single crystal with green emission, achieving over 80% photoluminescence quantum yield and a narrow full width at half maximum. In addition, the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure gave rise to strong nonlinear optical responses, including second-harmonic generation. This versatile supramolecular assembly approach could be generalized to create various [M(I)X2], [M(I)X3]2−, [M(II)X4]2− and [M(III)X5]2− molecular wires, broadening the potential for diverse emission colours and distinct optical properties. This strategy provides a general design principle for constructing supramolecular metal–halide building blocks with diverse optical functionalities.