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<p>The early organogenesis stage is a critical phase of embryogenesis that lays the foundation for organ development, and is characterized by dynamic and spatially organized transcriptional programs. However, limited spatial transcriptomic information has constrained our understanding of early primate organogenesis. Here we present a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) spatial transcriptomic atlas of cynomolgus monkey embryos at Carnegie stages (CS) 9 and 10, capturing key morphogenetic events including cardiogenesis, gut tube regionalization, neurulation, axial mesendoderm patterning and early somitogenesis. Using high-resolution spatial transcriptomics and 3D reconstruction, we identify spatially defined lineage domains across germ layers and resolve regionally restricted gene expression, transcription factor activity, and signalling landscapes along major embryonic axes, exemplified by the emergence of dorsoventrally patterned spinal cord subpopulations during neurulation. Cross-species comparisons with human and mouse datasets reveal conserved and species-biased transcriptional programs. Together, this atlas provides a foundational reference for studying early primate development.</p>

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A three-dimensional spatial transcriptome atlas reconstructs early organogenesis in primate Carnegie stages 9 and 10 embryos

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Jia Ping Tan,
  • Yifang Liu,
  • Yuting Fu,
  • Langchao Liang,
  • Yan Wu,
  • Tiantian Guo,
  • Shikai Jia,
  • Yujia Jiang,
  • Tingli Yuan,
  • Jie Li,
  • Yixin Li,
  • Zhi Huang,
  • Shenglong Li,
  • Jie Li,
  • Xixi Yan,
  • Zizhuo Liao,
  • Xiaojing Liu,
  • Bowen Hu,
  • Shujie Fu,
  • Shijie Hao,
  • Luyi Tian,
  • Zhen Liu,
  • Leqian Yu,
  • Longqi Liu,
  • Xiaodong Liu

摘要

The early organogenesis stage is a critical phase of embryogenesis that lays the foundation for organ development, and is characterized by dynamic and spatially organized transcriptional programs. However, limited spatial transcriptomic information has constrained our understanding of early primate organogenesis. Here we present a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) spatial transcriptomic atlas of cynomolgus monkey embryos at Carnegie stages (CS) 9 and 10, capturing key morphogenetic events including cardiogenesis, gut tube regionalization, neurulation, axial mesendoderm patterning and early somitogenesis. Using high-resolution spatial transcriptomics and 3D reconstruction, we identify spatially defined lineage domains across germ layers and resolve regionally restricted gene expression, transcription factor activity, and signalling landscapes along major embryonic axes, exemplified by the emergence of dorsoventrally patterned spinal cord subpopulations during neurulation. Cross-species comparisons with human and mouse datasets reveal conserved and species-biased transcriptional programs. Together, this atlas provides a foundational reference for studying early primate development.