<p>Jupiter’s irregular satellites are thought to be relics of early Solar System planetesimals. However, their small sizes, large distances from Earth and close angular proximity to Jupiter, make them difficult to characterize remotely. Here we report multi-instrument observations of the kilometre-sized Kallichore, the only irregular moon of Jupiter amenable to a close flyby of the European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, with its astrometric and physical properties still poorly constrained. We used Hubble photometry and astrometry, followed by a ground-based multi-site stellar occultation campaign and by astrometric and photometric observations from the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio de Canarias. We could reduce Kallichore’s orbital uncertainty by up to ~80% and determine its shape: an elongated object with a minimum semi-axis ratio <i>a</i>/<i>b</i> = 1.53 ± 0.10, an area-equivalent diameter of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3.{8}_{-0.3}^{+2.3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3.</mn> <msubsup> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0.3</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2.3</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> km and a dark surface with geometric albedo <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3.7_{-2.2}^{+0.7} \%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>.</mo> <msubsup> <mrow> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2.2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>0.7</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>%</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. No close companions were detected. These new constraints provide a viable pathway towards a Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer flyby once the spacecraft arrives at the Jupiter system in 2031.</p>

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Kilometre-scale Jovian moon characterized for a potential JUICE flyby

  • Juan Luis Rizos,
  • Jose María Gómez-Limón,
  • Yucel Kilic,
  • Altair R. Gomes-Júnior,
  • Jose Luis Ortiz,
  • Nicolas Morales,
  • Álvaro Álvarez-Candal,
  • Pasquale Palumbo,
  • Luisa M. Lara,
  • Simon Porter,
  • Benjamin Proudfoot,
  • Evelyn Christiny M. Prais,
  • Jean Marc Christille,
  • Stefano Sartor,
  • Antonio Cabrera,
  • Stefan Geier,
  • Alessia Spolon,
  • Alice Lucchetti,
  • Andrea Soffiantini,
  • Anne Verbiscer,
  • Armin Behrend,
  • Elena Mazzotta Epifani,
  • Jean-Louis Dumont,
  • Luca Zampieri,
  • Mike Skrutskie,
  • Maurizio Pajola,
  • Michel Boutet,
  • Michele Fiori,
  • Raoul Behrend,
  • Stefano Sposetti,
  • Vadim Nikitin,
  • Fabien Cavaille,
  • Jocelyn Sérot,
  • Laurent Miralabe,
  • Marc Buie,
  • Mehmed Naim Bagiran,
  • Metin Altan,
  • Mohammad Niaei,
  • Noël Robichon,
  • Orhan Erece,
  • Pierre-Louis Phan,
  • Raphael Lallemand,
  • Süleyman Fişek,
  • Valentin Etienne,
  • Valery Lainey,
  • Yavuz Güney,
  • Yusuf Avcioglu,
  • Francois Poulet,
  • Paul Hartogh,
  • Oliver Witasse,
  • Pablo Santos-Sanz,
  • Julia de León,
  • Flavia L. Rommel,
  • Fernando Tinaut-Ruano

摘要

Jupiter’s irregular satellites are thought to be relics of early Solar System planetesimals. However, their small sizes, large distances from Earth and close angular proximity to Jupiter, make them difficult to characterize remotely. Here we report multi-instrument observations of the kilometre-sized Kallichore, the only irregular moon of Jupiter amenable to a close flyby of the European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, with its astrometric and physical properties still poorly constrained. We used Hubble photometry and astrometry, followed by a ground-based multi-site stellar occultation campaign and by astrometric and photometric observations from the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio de Canarias. We could reduce Kallichore’s orbital uncertainty by up to ~80% and determine its shape: an elongated object with a minimum semi-axis ratio a/b = 1.53 ± 0.10, an area-equivalent diameter of \(3.{8}_{-0.3}^{+2.3}\) 3. 8 0.3 + 2.3  km and a dark surface with geometric albedo \(3.7_{-2.2}^{+0.7} \%\) 3 . 7 2.2 + 0.7 % . No close companions were detected. These new constraints provide a viable pathway towards a Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer flyby once the spacecraft arrives at the Jupiter system in 2031.