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<p>Ordinary matter—including particles such as protons and neutrons—accounts for only about one-sixth of all matter in the Universe. The rest is dark matter, which does not emit or absorb light but plays a fundamental role in galaxy and structure evolution. Because it interacts only through gravity, one of the most direct probes is weak gravitational lensing: the deflection of light from distant galaxies by intervening mass. Here we present an extremely detailed, wide-area weak-lensing mass map covering 0.77° × 0.70°, using high-resolution imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope as part of the COSMOS-Web survey. By measuring the shapes of 129 galaxies per square arcminute—many independently in the F115W and F150W bands—we achieve an angular resolution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1.00\pm 0.0{1}^{{\prime} }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1.00</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>0.0</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our map has more than twice the resolution of earlier Hubble Space Telescope maps, revealing how dark and luminous matter co-evolve across filaments, clusters and underdensities. It traces mass features out to <i>z</i> ≈ 2, including the most distant structure at <i>z</i> ≈ 1.1. The sensitivity to high-redshift lensing constrains galaxy environments at the peak of cosmic star formation and sets a high-resolution benchmark for testing theories about the nature of dark matter and the formation of large-scale cosmic structure.</p>

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An ultra-high-resolution map of (dark) matter

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Diana Scognamiglio,
  • Gavin Leroy,
  • David Harvey,
  • Richard Massey,
  • Jason Rhodes,
  • Hollis B. Akins,
  • Malte Brinch,
  • Edward Berman,
  • Caitlin M. Casey,
  • Nicole E. Drakos,
  • Andreas L. Faisst,
  • Maximilien Franco,
  • Leo W. H. Fung,
  • Ghassem Gozaliasl,
  • Qiuhan He,
  • Hossein Hatamnia,
  • Eric Huff,
  • Natalie B. Hogg,
  • Olivier Ilbert,
  • Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe,
  • Anton M. Koekemoer,
  • Shouwen Jin,
  • Erini Lambrides,
  • Alexie Leauthaud,
  • Zane D. Lentz,
  • Daizhong Liu,
  • Guillaume Mahler,
  • Claudia Maraston,
  • Crystal L. Martin,
  • Jacqueline McCleary,
  • James Nightingale,
  • Bahram Mobasher,
  • Louise Paquereau,
  • Sandrine Pires,
  • Brant E. Robertson,
  • David B. Sanders,
  • Claudia Scarlata,
  • Marko Shuntov,
  • Greta Toni,
  • Maximilian von Wietersheim-Kramsta,
  • John R. Weaver

摘要

Ordinary matter—including particles such as protons and neutrons—accounts for only about one-sixth of all matter in the Universe. The rest is dark matter, which does not emit or absorb light but plays a fundamental role in galaxy and structure evolution. Because it interacts only through gravity, one of the most direct probes is weak gravitational lensing: the deflection of light from distant galaxies by intervening mass. Here we present an extremely detailed, wide-area weak-lensing mass map covering 0.77° × 0.70°, using high-resolution imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope as part of the COSMOS-Web survey. By measuring the shapes of 129 galaxies per square arcminute—many independently in the F115W and F150W bands—we achieve an angular resolution of \(1.00\pm 0.0{1}^{{\prime} }\) 1.00 ± 0.0 1 ′ . Our map has more than twice the resolution of earlier Hubble Space Telescope maps, revealing how dark and luminous matter co-evolve across filaments, clusters and underdensities. It traces mass features out to z ≈ 2, including the most distant structure at z ≈ 1.1. The sensitivity to high-redshift lensing constrains galaxy environments at the peak of cosmic star formation and sets a high-resolution benchmark for testing theories about the nature of dark matter and the formation of large-scale cosmic structure.