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<p>The early impact flux recorded by the Moon, especially the first billion years during the basin-forming epoch, is pivotal to understanding the evolution of inner Solar System bodies. However, our current understanding of this critical epoch is impeded by the lack of samples that have a clear provenance from specific ancient impact basins. Here we examine three impact-melt clasts in the Chang’e-6 lunar regolith collected from the Apollo basin within the gigantic South Pole–Aitken basin. We found that the impact-melt rocks, which have KREEP-like compositional signatures, probably originated from the differentiates of a South Pole–Aitken basin impact-melt sheet or pool, which were later reworked by the Apollo basin-forming event at ~4.16 Ga. This study suggests that the basin-forming epoch did not occur within the narrow timespan of ~3.8–4.0 Ga proposed for a cataclysmic late heavy bombardment.</p>

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KREEP-like lithologies in the South Pole–Aitken basin reworked by the Apollo basin impact at 4.16 Ga

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Jingyou Chen,
  • Le Zhang,
  • Zexian Cui,
  • Zhiming Chen,
  • Zhiyong Xiao,
  • Fanglu Luo,
  • Yuqi Qian,
  • Yan-Qiang Zhang,
  • Chengyuan Wang,
  • Jintuan Wang,
  • Qing Yang,
  • Pengli He,
  • Linli Chen,
  • Fangfang Huang,
  • Haiyang Xian,
  • Katherine H. Joy,
  • James W. Head,
  • Clive R. Neal,
  • Yi-Gang Xu

摘要

The early impact flux recorded by the Moon, especially the first billion years during the basin-forming epoch, is pivotal to understanding the evolution of inner Solar System bodies. However, our current understanding of this critical epoch is impeded by the lack of samples that have a clear provenance from specific ancient impact basins. Here we examine three impact-melt clasts in the Chang’e-6 lunar regolith collected from the Apollo basin within the gigantic South Pole–Aitken basin. We found that the impact-melt rocks, which have KREEP-like compositional signatures, probably originated from the differentiates of a South Pole–Aitken basin impact-melt sheet or pool, which were later reworked by the Apollo basin-forming event at ~4.16 Ga. This study suggests that the basin-forming epoch did not occur within the narrow timespan of ~3.8–4.0 Ga proposed for a cataclysmic late heavy bombardment.