<p>The nature of the minute-to-hour-long fast X-ray transients localized by telescopes such as Chandra, Swift and XMM-Newton remains mysterious, with numerous models suggested for the events. Here we report multi-wavelength observations of EP240315a, a 1,600-s-long transient detected by the Einstein Probe, showing it to have a redshift of <i>z</i> = 4.859. We measure a low column density of neutral hydrogen and directly detect leaking ionizing Lyman continuum. The observed properties are consistent with EP240315a being a long-duration gamma-ray burst, and these observations suggest a possible interpretation in which a substantial fraction of the X-ray-transient population are lower-luminosity examples of similar events. If correct, then sensitive narrow-field searches could be a powerful complementary probe to traditional wide-field transient detection in the identification of samples of gamma-ray-burst-like events into the epoch of reionization.</p>

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Fast X-ray transient EP240315A from a Lyman-continuum-leaking galaxy at z ≈ 5

  • Andrew J. Levan,
  • Peter G. Jonker,
  • Andrea Saccardi,
  • Daniele Bjørn Malesani,
  • Nial R. Tanvir,
  • Luca Izzo,
  • Kasper E. Heintz,
  • Daniel Mata Sánchez,
  • Jonathan Quirola-Vásquez,
  • Manuel A. P. Torres,
  • Susanna D. Vergani,
  • Steve Schulze,
  • Andrea Rossi,
  • Paolo D’Avanzo,
  • Benjamin P. Gompertz,
  • Antonio Martin-Carrillo,
  • Antonio de Ugarte Postigo,
  • Benjamin Schneider,
  • Weimin Yuan,
  • Zhixing Ling,
  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Xuan Mao,
  • Yuan Liu,
  • Hui Sun,
  • Dong Xu,
  • Zipei Zhu,
  • José Feliciano Agüí Fernández,
  • Lorenzo Amati,
  • Franz E. Bauer,
  • Sergio Campana,
  • Francesco Carotenuto,
  • Ashley Chrimes,
  • Joyce N. D. van Dalen,
  • Valerio D’Elia,
  • Massimo Della Valle,
  • Massimiliano De Pasquale,
  • Vikram S. Dhillon,
  • Lluís Galbany,
  • Nicola Gaspari,
  • Giulia Gianfagna,
  • Andreja Gomboc,
  • Nusrin Habeeb,
  • Dieter Hartmann,
  • Agnes P. C. van Hoof,
  • Youdong Hu,
  • Pall Jakobsson,
  • Yashaswi Julakanti,
  • Judith Korth,
  • Chryssa Kouveliotou,
  • Tanmoy Laskar,
  • Stuart P. Littlefair,
  • Elisabetta Maiorano,
  • Jirong Mao,
  • Andrea Melandri,
  • M. Coleman Miller,
  • Tamal Mukherjee,
  • Samantha R. Oates,
  • Paul O’Brien,
  • Jesse T. Palmerio,
  • Hannu Parviainen,
  • Daniëlle L. A. Pieterse,
  • Silvia Piranomonte,
  • Luigi Piro,
  • Giovanna Pugliese,
  • Maria E. Ravasio,
  • Ben Rayson,
  • Ruben Salvaterra,
  • Rubén Sánchez-Ramírez,
  • Nikhil Sarin,
  • Samuel P. R. Shilling,
  • Rhaana L. C. Starling,
  • Gianpiero Tagliaferri,
  • Aishwarya Linesh Thakur,
  • Christina C. Thöne,
  • Klaas Wiersema,
  • Isabelle Worssam,
  • Tayyaba Zafar

摘要

The nature of the minute-to-hour-long fast X-ray transients localized by telescopes such as Chandra, Swift and XMM-Newton remains mysterious, with numerous models suggested for the events. Here we report multi-wavelength observations of EP240315a, a 1,600-s-long transient detected by the Einstein Probe, showing it to have a redshift of z = 4.859. We measure a low column density of neutral hydrogen and directly detect leaking ionizing Lyman continuum. The observed properties are consistent with EP240315a being a long-duration gamma-ray burst, and these observations suggest a possible interpretation in which a substantial fraction of the X-ray-transient population are lower-luminosity examples of similar events. If correct, then sensitive narrow-field searches could be a powerful complementary probe to traditional wide-field transient detection in the identification of samples of gamma-ray-burst-like events into the epoch of reionization.